| The financial industry is the key factor of economic stabilization and development and the reform in financial system also is the important step of deepening economic system reform. Since 1978 , brilliant achievements have been made in the reform of banking system with the constant in-depth of our country's economic system reform. However, it is the key period that our country goes through transition in the system. In the face of severe challenges after the accession to the WTO, the security, stability, healthy development in the financial system seem more urgent than anytime in the past. How to solve the problems existing in the banking system seems even more important. This article reviews the course of banking system reform in our country, and compares with other countries' gradual evolution course of banking system, such as Japan, Korea, India, Mexico, the former Soviet Union and countries in eastern Europe,etc. Finally, this article analyses the direction of banking system reform in our country.Chapter one mainly reviews the banking system reform in our country, which can be divided into three stages roughly. It was the stage of building the system flame from 1984 to 1994; it was the stage of adjustment and enrichment from 1994 to 1997; so far was the deepening and perfection stage of the financial system frame. After a series of reforms, the bank system has greatly changed. People's Bank of China used to be a manage office, which also manage the business of the loans and depositions before. The industrial and commercial credit operation is divided from the People's Bank of China, and the People's Bank begins to perform Central Bank's function alone. Meanwhile, policy business and commercial business in the national specialized bank are separated, and three policies banks have been established; the national specialized bank has accelerated paces to transform into the state-run individual proprietorship bank. Foreign exchange adjusting market in inter-bank is established.Chapter two analyses the financial system reforms of several countries, such as the developed country-Japan, the new market economic country- Korea, the same national environment with our country-India, the developing country-Mexico, and the transiting economy- the former Soviet Union and countries in Eastern Europe. It sums up and deduces successful experiences and failure lessons, which will be helpful for our country to perfect the developments of banking system reforms.Chapter three analyses a lot of problems need to be solved in our country's banking system. The sound development of the financial circles has been influenced by the existence of these problems, which also weaken thecompetitiveness of the whole financial circles and accumulate the financial risks. Because there are defects in the financial organization system, the business bank lacks the commercialized property right foundation, sufficient rate of capital is not high generally, policy business and commercial business are separated incompletely, the operation in the non-bank financial institution is not standard, the ability to avoid risk is inferior. Because the financial market system of our country has defects and there are little financial varieties used for the investment, it is difficult for the financial market to play the function of resource distribution, and difficult to transform residents deposits to investment effectively; the function of direct financing is not strong, the efficiency of disposing resources of the fund is low; the credit foundation of financial market is weak. Because financial macro adjustments and controls have defects, the insurance of paper money Central Bank lacks independence with supervisory system, make and carry out financial policy independence and supervise and manage financial system and financial market respect independences.Chapter four analyses the trend of banking system reform in our country. It emphasizes that the independent character of Central Bank should be strengthened, bank industry and capital market s...
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