Studies On Innovation Of Rural Land Institutions

As is known to us, China is a big agricultural country, 80 percent of whose population are farmers. However, the House-hold Contract Responsibility System with Remuneration Linked to Output, which has been carried out since the Third Plenary of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, has begun to display its limitations. This has caused that the adjustment of agricultural structure and the agricultural modernization develop very slowly. This article is mainly to find out the defections of the present land institutions in China and explore its innovational pattern in future by using the theories of institutions and institutional change to analyze advantages and disadvantages of the reform of the land institutions after New China was foundedx the House-hold Contract Responsibility System with Remuneration Linked to Output, Two-tier System, Large-scale Management, Auction of the Right of Use of Four-uncultivated Land and Stock Cooperative system in post-1978. It makes great theoretical and realistic sense in accomplishing agricultural modernization and maintaining the stability of our country. The followig are the main research conclusions.1. Almost all the innovational patterns of the land institutions in China after the reform and opening-up are compulsory institutional change except that the reform of land institutions and the rural cooperative land institutions carried out soon after New China was founded is desire induced institutional change. So the present rural land institutional innovation agrees with the institutional desire of Chinese farmers.2. The problems of present Chinese rural land instiutions can be described as follows: First, property rights are not clear. Second, information is asymmetrical. Third, mechanism of land circulation is not perfect. Four, it can't bear the high cost of modernized agriculture. Finally, it can't agree with the competition for markets after Chinese entrance into WTO. As a result, comparative benefits of agriculture are very low and it is difficult forChinese farmers to increase their incomes, and they also have a bad effect on Chinese farmers positivity.3.Considering China is vast and its economy is extremely imbalanced from area to area, I think regional land institution is suitable for the property right of Chinese rural land. That is, according to the different productivities, House-hold Stock Cooperated System on the basis of nationalization-ownership can be carried out in developed country areas and house-hold contract responsibility with uniformgrowing plan in undeveloped country areas. At the same time, establishing perfect mechanism of land circulafon and strengthening the construction of appropriate coordinated measures are very necessary...