Study On The Existing State Of Water Resource And The Strategies Of Economization On Water

Water (refers in particular to the fresh water in this article)is the most valuable resource of mankind.Water resource shortage has already become the world difficult problem .In our country, the total amount of water resource is not abundant.Per capita occupancy is 2 200 m3, only 1/4 of the per capita of the world. The water resource of our country has regional maldistribution.The water and soil resources are not matched.The rainfall is distributed unevenly within the year and by annual.The calamity of drought and waterlogging is frequent.The water resource is polluted more and more seriously.The groundwater is suffering destructive exploitation.The Chang) iang River and the Jialing River flow in Chongqing, but the Per capita occupancy of local water resources is 1 600 m3, only 2/3 of the national per capita quantity, fewer than 1/6 of the per capita quantity of the world. The water resource of Chongqing not only has the general characteristics of our country ,but also has the characteristics that water comprehensive utilization ratios is low, the water consumption of product is high and the waste of water resource is serious. The contradiction of the water resource shortage in Chongqing is very outstanding.This article analyzes the reasons causing the water crisis of our country and puts forward the countermeasures to utilize water resource sustainably. The main reasons causing the crisis of water resource of our countries are: the ecology is destroyed so seriously that the water keeping ability of the soil drops critically,the water resource has lost the function of use due to the serious pollution and the whole society doesn't know the basic national conditions of serious water shortage sufficiently and lacks the consciousness of saving water and water resource management lags behind.In order to deal with the crisis of water resource, this article proposes seven countermeasures :strengthenning management,developing technology of economizing on water; strengthening the consciousness of saving watchmaking rational water pricejmproving the recycle utilization ratio of water,strengthening sewage disposal and protecting the environment.In order to find out the cutting point of economizing on water and make the feasible countermeasures, the author investgated 550 householdsof residents in three communities in Chingqing main city districts to get the information of water consumption in the past three years.After counting and classifying the investgation data,this article analyzes the relation between season, economical consciousness, income and resident's water consumption, thinks that the economic factor is the main factor of influencing resident's water consumption,and finds out the one variableregression of income and water consumption: y = a + b x=l.24+0.00186x, examines theregression with F Test and Coefficient Correlation Test,analyzes the demand income elasticity coefficient, demand price elasticity coefficient and Engel coefficient of tapwater. It analyzes further that the water price of Chongqing has some unreasonable characteristics,such as water supply is welfare somehow,composition of water prices is unreasonable( project water price is on the high side, environmental water price and water resource tax are on the low side, water prices of different uses are unreasonable.Directed against the characteristic of the water price of Chongqing,according to the relevant laws and regulations of the country, Considering various kinds of factors synthetically,this article puts forward a set of concrete implementing schemes to the water price reform of Chongqing,and carries on the demonstration of economic feasibility to the reform scheme.