| With thirty year's reform and opening up, China has experienced enormous changes in rural areas, especially the Land Reform which choose land contract system as the main form benefited hundreds of millions of farmers. It greatly improved rural environment and farmer's living standard, and also provided protection for China's economy and social undertaking. However , the further development of reform and opening up, the rapid development of rural economy and the accelerating urbanization ,especially the encouragement of government policy ,all of these lead to more and more contractual operation disputes. According to the statistics of ministry of Agriculture, the proportion of petitions for land contract disputes increased by three percent per year from 2007 to 2009. The civil and criminal cases caused by land contract dispute occur more and more frequently, which would do great harm to the construction and development of a harmonious society.This paper is divided into four parts, the first part describes the outline of land contract disputes of rural areas, including the contractual operation contract of rural land and its form, the type of the contractual operation contract disputes and its traits, the necessity of solving the disputes, the developing trend of the contractual operation contract etc. The second chapter analyses the connotation of rural land, the rights and obligations of both sides of contract, the legal characteristics of the contractual operation contract of rural land, and so on. The third chapter is about the reasons of the disputes. The last part discusses the preventive measures and the solution. the third and fourth part is the focus of the study.Through these studies, I think in the current rural land contracting in the four mechanisms of contract disputes, arbitration to resolve contract disputes in rural land contracting is the most favorable way. But China's rural land contracting contract dispute arbitration system needs improvement.
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