A Study Of The SMEs' Technovation Of The Developed Countries

Nowadays, economy, the whole society and also technology are developing rapidly. In this case, the research of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has become one of the most important tasks of every government, theoretical world and the enterprises world. Every country, especially the developed countries, they are now trying to take measures to encourage or support the technological innovation (technovation) activities of the SMEs. They all treat this as the key point to help to keep the country's competition ability and to achieve sustaining development. Now I am trying to do some research in this field. There are totally four parts in this article. In the first part, mainly expatiate the technovation models, basic characteristics, important functions and many other factors that may restrict the SMEs'technovation. Based on the definition of integrating analysis and using the technovation of the native and foreign experts for references, the new meaning of technovation can be understood in this way: The enterprise itself should be the main body of it; the market should be the direction of it; trying to improve the enterprise's benefit, buildup the market competition ability and cultivate new economy growing points should be the goals of it and a integrated process with innovated ideas which consists the acquirements, research, exploiture, experiment of new ideas, commercialized manufacture, marketing etc. The main contents consist the following four parts: institution and improvement of new products and new producing technology, effective exploiture and using of resources, inventions and applications of new technologies including producing and managing technologies, expand and occupation of new demands and new markets. Small and medium sized enterprises are the main headspring of the technovation. It is not only due to the amount but also because of its level and influence. They have already created many things that are treated as the most important industrial production of the present age. There are some special points of the SMEs'technovations compared with the big-sized enterprises and the most important thing is that there are many disadvantages during the technovation process. In the second part, mainly expatiate and analyze the basic theory of the SMEs'technovation. In 1912, economist J. A. Schumpeter brought forward the concept of "innovation"and this came into being a new economic theory -innovation theory, whose core was "innovation". In the later days, there were two offsets that are technovation economics that treats technology transformation and technology spread as the objects and system innovation economics that treats system transformation and system formation as the objects. After a semi-century's development, the new classical economy developing theory delegated by S.C. Solow analyzed the effects of the technovation for the economy development by using the summation producing function. This helped to drive the development of the technovation theory in modern age. The new economy increase theory delegated by P. Romer analyzed the technovation as the endogenesis variable and took the labor capital and the new ideas as the most important research object. They preferably solved the quantified problems of the analysis of the effects of technovation. In 1980s and 1990s, the evolution theory of technovation was well developing. It changed the former theories'hypothesis and deadliness limitation. They pioneered a new visual field of technovation theory and formed a more complete theory system. Rothwell, R. put forward five models of the process of technovation. They are technology driving model, market driving model, "chain like"coupling model,integrative model, and system integration and network model. In finishing technovation there are different advantages for small and medium-sized enterprises and big-sized enterprises. The technovation degree of different sized enterprises concern with its own main body, power, object, process etc. So we cannot take them into consideration as the same thing. However, in the industrial arrangement's view, the technovation of this two size enterprises can make up with each other in many ways and competition is good for technovation. The model of the SMEs technovation is built up by the main body and power system and it can be named as "wheel-like model". The general object system includes products, technology, organization, management, marketing, which are the subsystem of it. The coordination among each object subsystem's innovation is the keep point in achieving the technovation. The perfection of the system should be the beginning of the technovation , which is "entrepreneur being main body, market directing, government encouraging and innovation coordinating ". The headspring of the enterprises life force is the effective technovation system. In the third part, mainly emphasize on analyzing the rule of law and relative policies that US, Germany and Japan had adopted in supporting the SMEs'technovation. The economy of the United States was keeping steady developing in the later years, US is the pioneer of the information economy epoch, this consanguineously concerns with the high speed growing of the SMEs. The US government said that the small and medium sized technovation enterprises are the important growing point of the US economy in the future. Therefore, relative laws and policies must be established in order to support the technovation model enterprises'innovation activities. Germany'government said that the main purpose of Germany economy structure policy isto improve the competition ability of SMEs and to effectively promote the change of the SMEs's structures. Therefore, Germany government has adopted a series of policies and measurements to promote the technovation of the SMEs. The Japanese economists treat this as a belief that "without the vigorous development of the SMEs, there won't be the prosperity of Japan". Japan is the one whose legislation is the most right and perfect among the western developed countries. The technovation policies of the developed countries mainly include the following contents: capital support, technology support, human resource support and information support. In the fourth part, try to provide suggestions about our country's SMEs's technovation policies base on using the experiences for references. Chinese SMEs have been developing at a very high speed since the transformation and open to the outside world. In China, a developing situation of the state owned, collected, private and foreign invested enterprises developing at the same time has formed. The SMEs have become the main parts of the economy of China. They are playing more and more important roles in keeping the steady increase of the economy, decreasing the unemployment pressure, promoting the folk investment, perfecting the economy structure, and promoting the technovation. Chinese government also realized the importance of the development of the SMEs. It has begun to establish a series of policies and laws to encouraging and promoting the development of the SMEs since 1998. The "SMEs Promoting Act"which was implemented on Jan. 1st 2003 established the legal position of the SMEs in the economy and bring the main policies of supporting and promoting the SMEs to a legal height, such as capital support, carving out support, technovation, social service, market expand. This makes the development of the SMEs be guided by the law. 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