The land is the basis of the survival of human beings, and also is the foundation of the essential economic and politic system of a country. Nevertheless, the land of our country has been losing seriously nowadays, which has threatened the vital issue of the whole people's survival. Its nuclear reason is the lack of concern on peasants' benefit of land property right; hence they have no enthusiasm and capability to protect the land. This problem is shown sharply on the system of collective ownership and contracted management today as below: the subject of collective ownership isn't fixed clearly; the peasants' right to contract isn't steady; the right of collective on uniform management is weakened; and the government has expropriated the land too much, etc. which have influenced directly the implement of the Land Protection national policy on land's quantity, quality and management effect by the influence mechanism imposed on peasants' interest. An important factor leading to these problems lies on the property rights' structure of the departure of collective ownership and contracted management. To protect our land effectively, we must enhance the peasants' position as the ownership's subject, pay more attention on the protection to their land benefit, and take the change to the land system where the ownership and contracting rights are separated as a key issue.What is a pity, most researchers haven't recognized this very reason, so all the theories among the notions to transform contracted management system now come up by scholars haven't changed the departed structure of collective ownership and management right, although they specified or revolutionized the subject of collective ownership to different extend, such as the ideas of Owned by State, Owned by Private, Owned by Enhanced Collective, Owned by Weakened Collective, and so on, therefore these thoughts cannot solute thoroughly a series of issues led by the system now, with land protection included. This conclusion has...
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