The Emigrants' Placement Research In Three Gorges Reservoir Under The Government's Leadership

The Three Gorges Project is the hydraulic engineering that has the biggest scale and involves the most immigration population in our country so far; the final immigrant population reached more than1200000. How do these migrants to be able to move and how to accommodate the million emigrants are explained for the world-class difficult problems. As one of the emigration placement ways, emigrating has many merits comparing with the other placement ways: it has not only placed the massive immigrant population in the storehouse district and achieved the goal of the immigration work, but also reduced the pressure of the ecological environment and natural resource in the Reservoir Region, and simultaneously bring the new development opportunity for the emigrants. The Three Gorges emigrants experienced the periods from the government's refusing to talk about moving, the emigrant's spontaneous fragmentary moving out, the small scale dispersion to move out, the government's encouraging to move out massively and independently to the government's leading the large-scale immigration to move out collectively, which proved emigrating is an effective immigration placement way, until to end of the year 2004. There are more than 160,000 countryside emigrants been placed properly through moving out in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, moving out has already became one of most important Three Gorges immigrant placement ways. Therefore, analyzing and studying the emigrants' placement policy in Three Gorges Reservoir Region has the vital significance as to resolving the million immigration difficult problems in Three Gorges and summarizing the placing experience of the reservoir emigrants.According to the plan, our country's water and electricity installing capacity will be enhanced from the present less than 120,000,000 kilowatts to 300,000,000 kilowatts in the year 2020. In the coming period, our country will construct a batch of the large and middle scale water conservancy and electricity project, the places which has already been planned and being constructing includes: the brook Luo river crosses, to the village, Wudongde, the white crane beach, the beautiful screen first-level, second-level, glutinous grips crosses, Laxiwa, Long Pan and so on. With these projects' starting, in the next dozens of years, our country will also has the massive reservoir emigrants. Studying the government leadership's Three Gorges emigrants' moving out, summarizing the work experience of emigration, analyzing the emigrating policy's advantages and disadvantages may provide the beneficial model to the future emigration policy's formulating and the emigration placement work's developing.The present paper mainly adopts the following several research techniques:(1) Real diagnosis survey procedure. The author participated the Changing's emigrating work as one of the government immigration staff in 2004, I have quite direct-viewing and profound feeling about the emigration placement work and obtained many first-hand emigrants material the through the communicating and exchanging with the emigration friend and the emigrant cadre in the work, thus provide the fuller and accurate real diagnosis materials for studying the emigrant placement.(2) Sample analysis method. In order to study the placement way to the Three Gorges Reservoir Region emigrants under the government 's leadership, the author mainly took the emigration placement work in Chongqing Kai County in 2004 as a sample and carried on the analysis of the sample.(3) Standard analysis method. In order to finish the present paper well, the author collected and arranged the massive literature materials, and read many experts and scholars' theory works and academic articles about the emigrant placement earnestly, and reached my own conclusion on the foundation of drawing their research results.Besides the introduction, the text of the present paper mainly divides into six parts:The first part is the development evolution of the Three Gorges immigrants' emigration placement. In this part, the author reviewed many kinds of placement way about the Three Gorges emigrants, as well as how do the Three Gorges emigrants move out from the independent dispersion to the large-scale and collective emigrating under the government's leadership and the service.The second part is the explanation to the emigrant placement policy. In this part, the author analyzed the background of the policy releasing about the Three Gorges emigrants, combed and induced the policies and regulations of the Three Gorges emigrants, and discussed its achievement. The author also take the emigrating work in Kai County in 2004 as the examples and demonstrated Three Gorges emigrants' emigrating in practice.The third part is the procedure that the emigrants move out and the analysis about the behavior body in the emigration process. In this part the author have induced the general procedure about the emigration work, and analyzed the procedures' characteristic. Then the author used the public choice theory and the rational economic man supposition analyzed the behavior bodies of the Three Gorges emigrants' emigrating, and promulgated their behavior motive and analyzed their benefit demand.The fourth part is about the difficulties and the risk that the emigrating way faces. The author analyzed the emigration's restriction factor from the emigrants, policy, place the three aspects, and discussed the four big risks, which the emigration will bring possibly.The fifth part is the thinking and suggestion. The author put forward the policy proposals from: the placement way of the later period emigrants of the Three Gorges, consummating the emigration placement way and how to make the emigrants "calmly and steadily, becoming rich" the three aspects and so on.The sixth part is the Yu Lun. On the end of the full text, the author unified the hot spot of the "Reality of laws" to discuss the challenges and countermeasures that government's leading the emigration faces on the times of the reality of laws .In the last part, the author explained the limitation that the government leads emigrants to move out from the angle of multi-central government theory.This article's characteristic and the innovation place lie in:First, the author has done the special research to the Three Gorges emigration's developing process government policy restriction and the risk and so on from the angle of county level government - - the most fundamental unit of the Three Gorges emigration.Second, drawing close to reality to the Three Gorges emigrants has certain model significance to the later period Three Gorges emigration work. For instance, through the research, the author suggested the countryside emigrants of the Three Gorges four issue should use depending on the placement under the government science plan in the county, finding one's own profession under the moderate control, the government's leading the emigration and emigrating independently the government guides and services so many kinds of placement way.Third, unifying the theory and actuality. The author introduces the public choice theory and the rational economic human's supposition to the behavior body analysis of the Three Gorges emigrants, I profoundly analyzed the behavior motive of all levels of the government, the immigrant and the resident of the resettlement area in the process of emigration, which has certain inspiration significance to consummate the emigration policy.Fourth, the author studies following close on the front and unify the current society's hot topic. For instance, at the end of the article, the author unified "Reality of laws" that our country just promulgated, and discussed the challenges and countermeasures that government's leading the emigration faces on the times of the reality of laws, which followed close to the time step and had certain foresightedness.