The Struggle Between The Cabinet System And The Presidential System

China was troubled with the gloomy view of the semi-colony and semi-feudal society during the Late Qing Dynasty. To change the untidy appearance and the situation of being cut into pieces, people carried on hard searching. The Westernization Movement and the Reform Campaign studied the artifacts civilization and the system civilization of west respectively. Because all futile approaches were made in the old feudalism, so they could make the country neither rich nor strong and couldn't stop the country from the tendency of deepening race crisis. Not until the Revolution of 1911 which broke the feudalism system with violence did the history of China make a real leap of development at least in symbolizing meaning, the very outcome of which was the Republic of China. As a result, it became an attention-focusing event in the early of the Republic of China on how the republic would build a regime aiming to "protecting itself, objecting enemy", and the Cabinet system and the President system became the focus of the conflicts on which the conservative parties, revolution parties, old bureaucrat nobility carried on theoretical debates and practical struggles. And it made the constitution-making activity carry on surrounding the form of government mode tightly and go back and forth between these two great forms of government. However the history didn't give the chance to any one of the two. The Cabinet system and the President system, the two great government forms of the bourgeoisie republic, both didn't stand firmly at the history stage of the early of the Republic of China. Constitutional government culture, which delivering from the external source, didn't provide the suitable soil for the form of government mode of the capitalist class; it was hard for the immature political group to take heavy responsibility of pushing the party politics; the military power politics, which was rooted in the Authoritarian doctrine tradition and the cultural mental state, clamped down the possibility of Cabinet system and President system. Looking back the way of the beginning frustrated constitutional government, we crack a perplexity between the right direction and the short life of the political regime in early of the Republic of China, and try to provide the self-confidence of lighting some torch for the gold key that opens the door of constitutional government.