Victim's Right Relief And Right Safeguard

In today's wave of human rights development, the school the victim of criminal has been rise around the world, an increasing number of countries is searching for the balance between the victims'and the defendants'right of action in criminal proceedings. They focused more and take much more measures on the protection of the rights of victims in stead of the defendants in litigation. However in China, the victims of a criminal just has been the subject of criminal legal status, criminal system has always taken the defendant as the core of the criminal proceedings, compared to the efforts made in maintaining the rights of the accused, the protection of the rights of the victims apparently were not enough. The reality is not optimistic in the judicial practice, or even exists in name only. Thus, I tried to begin with the concept and the features of the victims, look through China's current criminal system and legal practice, to find out the problem and put forward my own proposals ,so as to make up for our legal loopholes and build a socialist legal system Countries better.In the first part, as the cornerstone of the language, I try to clarify the definition and identity of the criminal victims, although still controversial in academic circles in China, I believe that the criminal victims are those take part in criminal proceedings because of their legitimate rights or interests are injured directly by crime in criminal cases, in order to require for the criminal responsibility and civil liability accounted by the defendant. (Due to limited space, the author's concern is limited to the victim in the public prosecution cases). Besides, the most important features are the injure-ness, that is, they are the victims of the crime, including the eliciting, the susceptibility and the capacitive in particular. In addition, the victims'right is optional; they have to give the evidence like a witness sometimes, their interaction with the crime somewhat, their self-responsibility.In the second part, the author looked back to the legislation practice, examined the existing legal system of the rights of victims in our country, in order to relief to protect the status quo and problems. systemically, even though there was no accurate definition of the victims, our country's legislation did not lack, we have had the initial structure of China's relief and protection of the rights of victims: 1, In Procedure Law, Criminal Procedure Code gives victims he most basic right of action, such as statement , The right to legal representation and provide evidence. 2. In the substantive law, criminal law has established a system of criminal damage and criminal infringement compensation. 3, though it is the initial stage, we has initially formed the legal aid system contain of four level from the central to the local.Of course, the clear legislation does not mean sound and reasonable in practice. since the package legal system has not been established, we still can see so many problems in relieving and safeguarding the victims'right practice:1.Through a cumbersome and complex proceedings, the civil compensation for the victims Available is so limited, difficult to implement finally, rested on the accused's own economic to a large extent. 2. According to the Supreme People's Court documents related, the criminal compensation is limited to the material damage, eliminating the spirit damage. 3.In the public prosecution cases, the victims do not have the statutory right to appeal, they just can protest to the People's Procurator to appeal if they disobey the court's first adjudicate, the one can make the final decision is the People's Procurator not the victims, this makes the unfairness and irrational between the defendants and the victims. 4. As the law does not empower the victim appear in court clearly, the rules on the victim's agent's authority are not clear, resulting in the major defects in the victim's right in the practical application. In addition, the rights of victims exist in name only in judicial practice, because of some of the judiciary's or the law enforcement officers'disregard ness.In the third part, on the basis of the problems addressed above, I propose the following areas for improvement and perfection:First of all, it is necessary to improve the victim's litigation right in the procedure law: 1. we shall provides the victims to appear in court clearly in the Criminal Procedure Code, specify the Court's obligation to, so as to give the same seats to the victims with their agents and the defendants with their counsel. 2. Provide the victims the independent appeal right away from the restrictions of the prosecutors in the rules In the light of Germany. 3, Based on the feasible and reasonable principle, we shall reshape the classifying criteria of the private prosecution case: take account of the subjective vicious of the crime, the victim's wishes, the evidence's conclusively, give victims a greater right to choose whether to prosecute, on the other hand, establish prosecute hearing procedure, or the judicial review procedure to strengthen the supervision against the not-to-prosecuted cases. 4. Improve the criminal settlement or mediation system and the related supervision rule; clarify the conditions for its application. 5. Expand the scope of the lawyer; cancel to limit on their investigation and evidence collection right; further clarified the responsibility of agents of the proceedings of the victim, aimed at improving the agency system. 6. Give a flexible civil suit right to the victim, allowing they brought the civil suit along the criminal cases before the declaration verdict or after the suit.Second, we shall improve the compensation system in the substantive law: 1.Put the spirit damage to the victim into the compensation system by reducing the severity of the penalty and, or using the "General Principles of Civil Law," the 120th properly. 2. Establish a national system of compensation; victims can be given appropriate material compensation. 3. Based on the principle of compensation as soon as possible, building a more complete system for the protection of property rights and interests of victims, by making a clear compensation system, the implementation of the"punishment substitute for the damage " system, establishing the appropriate national subsidy system, setting up the social assistance system. And we can setting up the social assistance system by appropriate focus and bold attempt in establishing a sound social welfare system, encouraging insurance; establishing victim services; giving timely medical services and effective financial assistance, counseling services, security, protection and legal aid services; allowing the families of the perpetrators voluntary compensation.Finally, I believe that the relief and protection for the rights of criminal victims is of great significance for building a country ruled by law and establishing a harmonious society, much more attention should be given dully. We should not only improve the institutional mechanism but also go deep into the victim's heart, given the social, national or even every member of our human care.