Improve The National Ethics The Research Of The Thought Of Mill

Mill is the most prominent on nineteenth century in England, one of the liberal thinkers, he has aspirations for freedom from the political expansion of the social sphere, explicitly oppose the community to interfere in personal liberty and oppression, and emphasis on individual freedom in society to maintain the extremely important and therefore the development of liberalism for the latter has laid an important foundation. Mill of the free time from his reform of British political thought and philosophy of utilitarianism and the heirs of the radical reforms that he inherited from his father, James, first of all, the reform of Mill theory, to promote the reform of the system as a social reform, the promotion of the principal means of social progress. However, with the thinking of mature, but he gradually found that the reform program is limited, and he began to realize that the character of members of society in political reform and the importance of social progress, thus the improvement of the inherent moral members of society for social The central objective of reform.This paper attempts to set out the reasons for this change, process, and on this basis to explore Mill on improving the national and moral theory. This paper is divided into four parts.Mill the first part of political theory to explore the historical background and knowledge sources. Mill was born in 1806, when the British Industrial Revolution when the break out to the steam engine for a new generation of scientific and technological achievements on behalf of the increasing productivity showed surprising. With the rapid economic development, the beginning of British society from an agricultural society social transformation of capitalist industry and commerce. At the same time, Britain's political society is experiencing unprecedented changes, the traditional dominance of the aristocracy of land increasingly susceptible to the new type of capitalist industry and commerce a threat to the capitalists, the public's democratic right to vote to expand the voice growing louder and louder.Under such circumstances, the tide of democratic reform in the forefront of a number of scholars and social activists such as Bentham, James·Mill, Adam Smith, such as the composition of a radical philosophy, they actively promote the reform, calling for the abolition of the aristocracy of land and political privileges, will conduct a reform, extension of the franchise. They set out a comprehensive political reform in theory, these points were all the succession of John Stuart Mill, became his main source of the early thinking. Mill at this time on major political point of view is to side with the aristocracy of land against the basis of political rule, advocated the reform of the system.Second part of Mill's thinking of changing social reform as well as the various factors to changes. This shift from the first adult encountered in the Mill "spiritual crisis."Utilitarians Bentham as an ally, James has been·Mill utilitarian principle of the education of his son, but the education to make Mill in adult emotions into a withered and confused life. To overcome the spiritual crisis in the process of increasing awareness of Mill Bentham's utilitarian theory of defects: lack of human feelings and values inherent in the pursuit of attention. This enabled him to rethink the values and goals in life, beginning to recognize the pursuit of the inherent moral and spiritual significance.It was on this basis, he's the first time, the inherent culture of morality and character as a means to promote social progress and the means to achieve human happiness. In addition, the Mill is thinking of changing political realities affected by the results.At that time, radical philosophy and political setbacks, the rise of conservative thought, radical reform of the system difficult to continue, but a few years of reform and democratization has not achieved the results of imagination, the well-being of the people's living standard has not been subsequently improved, do not have too much of social civilization and progress. This has spurred the Mill began to reflect on the way to social reform. He thought in Europe, under the influence of Romanticism, and gradually realize that the relative nature of the political system, the system by a number of more fundamental changes in the conditions. First of all, the system by the historical conditions change, any institutional change must take into account the historical conditions in which the objective. Second, the social forces of the political constraints of running an important role in the degree of social civilization, customs, members of society feelings, ideas, character and moral level of the political system has a vital role to improve.Thus, Mill began to promote the improvement and moral members of society as part of his core goals of social reform.Mill Part III explained the objectives of social and moral improvement. Mill recognized that a simple philosophy of radical reform of the system is not going to solve all problems, the key to social progress does not lie in institutional reforms, also in the community and its members change their own, which stemmed from his understanding of the first social history changes.In school under the influence of Saint-Simon, Mill developed a new view of history, the history of each type of society that are based on a specific belief system above all the history of human society can be divided into The critical period for the conviction and the turn of the establishment period, the prevailing social and moral collapse is in the Christian faith after the period of reconstruction, to promote the historical progress, we must rebuild the moral foundation for the promotion of "the people's moral and intellectual progress."Mill believes that reconstruction and a free society must be adapted to the basis of moral convictions. In his view of morality in a free society should be an independent, courageous, self-government, the pursuit of noble virtue and rich life of the spirit of public awareness linked. He adopted the principle of utilitarianism and moral transformation, established to promote the moral basis of this spirit.This spirit that contains three elements: on the noble, civilized, advocating the virtues of life, seeking the freedom to develop a positive attitude towards life as well as the general public welfare of the community spirit. Mill argues from a utilitarian point of view of these two elements is a necessary condition for happiness in life. In fact, Mill is trying to establish a new moral authority, for the community to provide a liberal moral beliefs, to promote social progress.Mill Part IV explore the promotion of social and moral reform advocated by many. Mill's social and moral reform, and his goal is freedom and representative government actively connected thinking.First of all, positive and aggressive pursuit of the development of the life of society to provide free space for the development of Mill in order to ensure self-development, the individual must be reported to the area do not be encroached upon, a clear community of individual freedom against the interference and oppression, and stressed that freedom of thought and discussion of freedom. At the same time, also proposed to expand the right to vote, asking people to actively participate in political life, political practice in a variety of their own ability to exercise. To enhance the community's moral standards of each member, he also proposed a training method of conscience. These members of society to promote morality and wisdom of the methods and measures are uniform in his social and moral reform objectives.