The Resarch Onto Lenin's Political Ethics Ideas

From the perspective of theoretical principle, the main contents of political ethics are what the political community (here it refers a country) pursues:the political value ideas for the political activities, the moral principles and goal pursuing followed during the process of designing political system, and the moral construction of the ruling party and its citizenships. Lenin, as the first main leader of the first socialist state in the history, formed abundant political ethics ideas during the process of leading the Soviet people to construct socialist revolution and construction by exploring and reforming in political practical activities. These political ethics ideas reflect not only Lenin's political intelligence, leading personalities and personal moral integrity but also the primitive model of moral pursuing of the first socialist country for its political activities. Therefore, the research of Lenin's political ethics ideas can benefits us a lot from the aspects of understanding the profound connotation of his political ethics ideas, learning from the merits and defects of Soviet Union's process of political value in Lenin Times, and consulting our political reform and construction of political ethics ideas with Chinese characters.Beginning with the origin of this topic, this paper first analyzes the importance of Lenin's political ethics ideas, then it researches and remarks the significant researching findings from the present academic fields on Lenin's political thoughts and ethics ideas, and finally it presents its own researching frame and target. This paper consists of six parts. In Part One, this paper analyzes the realist situation for formation of Lenin's political ethics ideas. Generally speaking, the forming of Lenin's political ethics ideas should be first based on the special reality. Russian social situation, especially what Russian Communist Party were facing caused the forming and progressing of Lenin's political ethics ideas:the complicated social situation, stern reality, and arduous process of building Soviet socialist country. Soviet socialist country founded by Lenin is also the realization of Marx's and Engels'political thought in the oriental society, so Marx's and Engels'political ethics ideas not only directly guided but also functioned as an important theoretical basis for forming and progressing of Lenin's political ethics ideas. It cannot be denied that any thinker has its gift. So does Lenin. Lenin's special life experiences also affected his political ethics ideas.In Part Two, this paper explains the value idea of Lenin's political ethics ideas. The value idea of political ethics ideas is the value target that political ethics ideas concern. The value idea is the core of political ethics ideas. As for this aspect, Lenin did not explain systematically and clearly, but the value idea of freedom, democracy, equality, justice and peace is embodied in his thoughts of country construction, party construction, system construction, and citizenship's moral education, and these thoughts are also the nuclear part of value idea of Lenin's political thoughts. These thoughts reflect what Lenin and the country he was leading devoted to:human beings development, the pursuing of freedom and happiness, the building of a society with a good order, the construction of the political party of the proletariat, and the realization of a nice society. In Part Three, this paper discusses Lenin's system ethics ideas. System ethics ideas are the basic ideas of inside information of system ethics and moral principles. The foundation of socialist system is a milestone of system revolution in the history. When he was leading the construction of a socialist country, he made an exploration in forming social system, so his pursuing of his value idea and moral principle is reflected in the designing, operation and supervision of system ethics ideas. In brief, Lenin insisted that socialist system must stick to the principle of affinity to the people, so when designing and operation of socialist system, the political party must realize the political liberation of the proletariat and the working people, to realize the social justice, to practise political democracy, and to promote social productive forces.In Part Four, this paper discusses Lenin's theories and practice of moral construction for the ruling party. The moral construction of the ruling party is the important content in Lenin's political ethics ideas. Lenin not only had abundant thoughts on the moral construction of the ruling party, but also paid much attention to practice, so he gained a lot of experience. Lenin fought against personal arbitrary decision. He proposed party's collective leadership. He pointed out that it is the reflection of the monarch and officials'moral principle in feudal society for a person to act arbitrarily and grab all the power. This is disobedient to the moral principle of the party of the proletariat. The party's cadres are people public servants, so they must obey people's will and the collective's will because the power is offered by the people. Lenin insisted on the style of being practical and realistic. It is also a good moral tradition formed in Lenin's times. Lenin pointed out that the ruling party members are different from common people, so boasting, telling lies and exaggerating is a serious moral defect. He also pointed out that, the most serious and the most fatal fault that Marxists would make is to take empty talk as facts, false appearance as essence, or common as importance. He took the idea of being practical and realistic as the communist party members and cadres'moral principle. Lenin also stressed that the ruling party should keep close contact with the masses, think for the people and work for the people. The most dangerous thing for the ruling party is that the ruling party is separated from the masses. The ruling party should believe in the masses. This is also a special moral requirement to the ruling party.In Part Five, this paper summarizes Lenin's ideas about the theories and practice of the citizen's moral construction. It is an important part of Lenin's political ethics ideas to promote the socialist development by strengthening the citizens'moral education. Lenin's political ethics ideas have little to do with the political elites'ideas on morality, whereas he focused on the theories and practice for constructing new socialist moral principles. Lenin proposed the idea of "communist morality", and used it as the guiding principle to construct the citizens'moral education in Soviet socialist country. As far as practice is concerned, Lenin pointed out that the way of promoting the moral level of citizens and the whole society is to carry out the education of communist morality, to cultivate the culture of communist morality, to form communist ethics, and develop the spirit of labour for communism.In Part Six, this paper summarizes the characteristics and the contemporary meaning of Lenin's political ethics ideas. Incisive criticalness, distinct practicality, and outstanding innovativeness are the characteristics of Lenin's political ethics ideas. Nowadays, Lenin's thoughts about political ethics are still our valuable cultural and ethical wealth. Lenin's political ethic ideas about the care for the subject of politics, the pursuing of justice to the political system, and the harmonious treatment are very important to Chinese Communist Party in terms of their theoretical and practical meaning.Lenin's political ethics ideas are great cultural heritage. Nowadays, the world situation has been changing, and after Lenin's times, Soviet socialist country is suffering many mishaps in its life. However, Lenin's ideas which were formed during the process of socialist revolution and socialist construction are everlasting, and so is his socialist practice. Lenin's ideas and socialist practice should not be denied because of some historical events. We should realize that Lenin's political ethics ideas inspire and instruct China's socialist construction, and this significance cannot be ignored.