The Preliminary Study On The Competitive Gymnastics Athletes' Compensatory Effect Of The Unbalanced Structure Of Competitive Abilities

The preliminary study of the competitive gymnastics athletes' compensatory effect of the unbalanced structure of competitive abilities is to study the phenomenon of certain undeveloped component or ability in the structure of competitive abilities compensated by other over-developed components to a certain range, which makes the total levels of competitive abilities maitain at a certain level. Ascertaining the main applicable range of the Unbalanced(U.C.), confirming the studying focuses of the competitive components in the procedure of U.C., clarifying the main methods of applying U.C., and setting forth the characters and laws of U.C. applied to the athletes of the different types of over-developed competitive abilities will provide a very important theoretical support in the training and competition. This dissertation adopted documents, specialists visiting, questionnaire investigation, video observation, cases analytical method, comparative method and mathematic statistics.Results show as follows:Viewed in the gymnastics athletes' training stages, U.C. is mainly applied to the latter half of the intermediate stage, the senior stage and prolongable stage, especially applied to the senior stage.In the procedure of gymnastics athletes' U.C., the functions of the conditional ability performing now are more and more important in the competitive abilities of the floor exercises; besides the sport technique and conditional ability, one should pay attention to the figure in the pommel horse; the importance of the conditional ability is far above the sport technique , and the requirements of the figure are also high in the rings; the characters of competitive abilities of the vaulting horse are similar to those of the floor exercise, in which conditional ability plays a very important role; the requirements of the sport technique in the parallel bars are above those of the conditional ability; the requires of sport technique in the horizontal bar are strikely above those of other individual events, and the psychological ability is above the conditional ability; uneven bars contains much techniques, which means, sport technique is above the conditional ability; balance beam also contains much techniques and requires the least in the conditional ability in women's events, but this individual event demands psychological ability badly. Therefore one should emphasize on the cultivation the psychological ability when U.C. is applied to the balance beam.The internal compensation of the gymnastics athletes' unbalanced structure of competitive abilities is mainly applicable to the senior material selecting and individual events choosing; external compensation can make the best of the athletes' predominance gained after born in every individual event; amplified compensation mainly contains the characters "the better, the better" of certain components in gymnastics athletes' competitive ability, while other components change a little or even have no change; radiative compensation is the embodiment of the characters, "making the better best and making the worse good", applying to the transfers of the over-advanced competitive abilities among individual events, and thus promote the development of other individual events.Ascertaining the techniques of the key movements in each event for winning is an important precondition in the efficient application of U.C.; coping well with the connections concerning sport technique among individual events or the connections between the individual events and the all-round event is an important guarantee for carrying out U.C. efficiently; regarding the well developed components of strength in arms and legs as the main parts, and linking the developments of figure and flexibility abilities together are very important in implementing U.C.