The Relationship Among Senior One Students' Mathematics Achievements And Their Self-efficacies, Defensive Pessimism And Self-Handicapping

The 219 subjects are high school students. We adopt the questionnaires to explore the relationship between self-efficacy defensive pessimism .self-handicapping and mathematics achievement .The results show that:(1) Self-handicapping and defensive pessimism are common self-worth protection strategy.(2) Self-efficacy is great negative correlation with defensive pessimism and self-handicapping; defensive pessimism is great correlation with self-handicapping .(3) self-efficacy is great correlation with mathematics achievements; defensive pessimism is great negative correlation with mathematics achievements; self-handicapping is great negative correlation with mathematics achievements .(4)There is significant difference between male students and female students in self-handicapping. male students are more self-handicapping than female students .