Research On The Prospective Goal And Realization Of Adjustment Of Universities In Early Days Of Establishment Of China

In the early days of establishment of People's Republic of China, the power of education administration was nationalized and the thought of teachers in universities was requested to be reformed. At the same time, a stormy reformation of higher education started, which was an adjustment of universities throughout the country. The reformation had its motivations for economic development, politics and social stability. The process of reformation can be divided into three phases as followed. The first phase is from 1949 to 1951, which is mainly for preparations and some minor adjustment. The second phase is from 1952 to 1953. In 1952, adjustment was carried out in higher industry schools, universities and higher normal schools in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Ningbo. In 1953, the emphasis changed to Central South China. The last phase is from 1955 to 1957. The reformation in this phase mainly focused on the problems such as universities and courses distribution was not uniform, the scale of university was not well controlled.The adjustment of universities has essentially changed some situations before the reformation, such as emphasizing art while ignoring engineering in higher education, lack of normal schools et al. This is in accordance with the request of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, which is "... education should meet the requirement of national economy development, especially to meet the requirement of industry construction". The goal of reformation was essentially achieved. Generally speaking, the value of adjustment should be affirmed, which has its own characters. But there were still some deviations, such as the deviation of goal of higher education, lacks of localization and considerations for human factors in "wholesale Sovietnization". The reasons of such deviations are analyzed. The author also proposed four suggestions, including enhancing the theoretic research in higher education reformation, building perfect mechanism to choose proper pre-defined target, design and actualize the project of reform and implement, to help achieve the target.