A Primary Study On Students' Constructing Physical & Physics Models In Context Of Learning With Black-box Experiments

Constructing Physical & Physics Models means the course that the individual explains and forecasts the things and phenomenon they have observed by constructing mental models of token outside, and construct models which accord with physics models and theory after the interaction of the results(Johnson-Laird,1989).Model and modeling are important in scientific inquisition. How to develop model-based learning has been the new important topic in science education research. How to construct Physics Models in the situation of black box experiment is important for the teachers to create modeling environment,take place an effective investigation activity, cultivate the modeling ability,and improve students'character in science.The research is guided by Modeling Theory, takes the black box experiment as a tool and test 36 students in Grade 7 and Grade 8 by Semi-structured interview, in order to get know how the students construct,including how to study the relationship between the model of observing and characterization of mental models, the level of modeling ability,how to treat different models,and how to solve the problem after using the effected models.The research is divided into 5 stages:model selection,model construction,model validity,model application and model deployment.The value index of the research is based on "scientific theory model" of Henpel,the delaminating of the model put forward by Grosslight,and it also refers to "modeling ability analytic index" of Zhang Zhi-kang and Qiu Mei-Hong,in the method of dividing the level and grade which divides the model class of students into Experience Observe,Rules of Interpretation,Theory System, which grade is divided further in order to judge modeling and use ability of students by the level that the students have reached.It discovers that during the stage of choosing and constructing, On the whole,The ability level of the intelligence model that the students have constructed related to richness they have observed.The more they have observed the higher level of mental models token. During the stage, most of the students that in Grade 7 and 8 have reached the Theory System-level.Among them 41.7%'s students reach the level of Interactions,33.3%'s students reach the level of Extend Relationship,and no student reach the level of Science Theory. Only 5.3%'s students at the stage of the Empirical Observation level,10.5%'s students at the stage of Rules of Interpretation-level,the ability of boy students and girl students need improve, while in the face of the same phenomena of the same experiment material,the girl students'modeling ability grow fast than boy students.But boy students'representation will better than girls'while the experiment material changed.Painting model diagram administer to the characterization and exchange of mental models.The students' mental models has the following characteristics:1,be effected by presuppositions during the course of construction.2,mental models are generative。3, conservative, uneasy to change.4,mental models are synthetics.During the stage of the model validity, facing complement model complete approval, approval and complement explanation, hesitant, need observation to the proof again draw a conclusion three kinds of variety circumstance, is try 84.6%ly while meeting complement model choice accept perhaps take into afresh explanation. While meet incompatible models of performance for neglect an incompatible models,brush-off incompatible models,afresh explanation, outer circle theories occurrence change, theories change five kinds of circumstance, only share total is tried the change of 38.9% people original model, still include 19.4% people change among them of the way is to pass outer circle theories occurrence change to realization. Face two kinds of dissimilitude model from the student of change circumstance to see, student more easy accept with oneself the theories with each other repair of theories, but hard accept with oneself model dissimilarity of model.Positive analysis and" prognosticate——experiment" method takes positive place during the course that the intelligence model changing to the physics model.Through prognosticate——experiment,60 percent of students that holding false mental models while facing counter-examples turn to the right physical models.In the stage of application, compared to the stage of modeling, the modeling ability that students have expressed in the whole. The add number of Level 3(22.2%) and level 4(25.0%) accounts for one half in the total.The number of level 2's student accounts for36.1% which is the largest number and the number of level 1 is just 16.7%.In the stage of deployment, the students need to improve abstract the physics models in the new situation.Finally, this thesis reviewed other aspects such as program design and data analysis of the study etc.And according to the result of this research, the thesis offered some reference suggestions to the study and teaching of science education. For example, black-box experiment on the role of modeling,the characteristics of students'mental models and modeling-based learning.