The Plantar Pressure And Kinematics Analysis Of The Last Step Of Run-up And Take-off In Long Jump

Long jump have experienced 110 years from the first Olympic Games in Athens in 1896. Many of the athletes, coaches and scientific research personnel for the projects into the painstaking care, From the first world record 7.61 man, woman 5.16 meters to the current world record, out of a world total 8.95meters man and 7.52meters women. In use training methods, high quality of sports venues and equipment human continuously challenge the limit. Throughout the history, the performance of long jump is improve in stage each theory will lead to sublimate the arrival of a new era of long jump.Based on previous studies, in This paper, I tested the foot pressure of the last step of long jump and take‐off. Filled on the blank in the foot pressure of long jump. This research provides theoretical basis and quantitative data. Athletes usually provide the help . Based on a secondary parts of long jump athletes foot pressure test, Combining kinematics analysis of data get the conclusion:(1)The Palma was divided into 10 area: the first area including Big toe, the second area including 2‐5 toe, the third area including Big toe The first metatarsal, the fourth area including The second metatarsal, the fifth area including The third metatarsal, the sixth area including The fourth metatarsal, the seventh area including The fifth metatarsal, the eighth area including Central foot, the ninth area including inside Heel, the tenth area including outside heel.(2) Through the result analysis of long jump athletes in the last step foot pressure test, The contact pedal of swinging feet is the all foot. The order of Lift off the ground is from the heel, the central, the forepaws, 2‐5 toes and to the big toes, the condition of plantar peak Pressure in each area is the first metatarsal and the inside heel repressed most, 2‐5 toe and The fifth metatarsal repressed least. Combined with the plantar pressure. We can be analyzed with the heel and the third, fourth and fifth metatarsal area of maximum pressure in cushioning period and the First, the second metatarsal area and toe area of largest pressure appear in stretching stage.(3)The way which athlete take off foot contact pedal and the swinging feet of the last contact pedal is the same,and the way is all foot contact pedal. Individual athletes toe area at 8 millisecond on board. Left off the pedal the same way too which is from the heel, the central, the forepaws, 2‐5 toes and to the big toes. The comparison that end time pressure between take off feet and swinging feet is different in other area except the toe period, and the different is significant. It with athlete last step Swing foot on the positive frequency speed, stretching back on.(4) Through the contrast takeoff and swinging up athletes foot pressure, found that jump athletes of the pressure by heel than the last step landing, and by the pressure difference is very significant difference, because the jump athletes to produce the vertical speed, it needs to be part of the loss, so as for horizontal speed in the buffer stage for the most part heel impulse.(5) Through the foot of participating athletes each area peak stress analysis in the test sample classification of two kinds of pressure peak pattern: 1. The heel of the peak pressure is the highest, through to the participating athletes foot regional stress analysis of peak time, jump athletes heel, sufficient central, 1, 2, 4, 5 and phalanges first 2‐5 toe area in the buffer phase produced pressure peak, 2 the forepaws received the highest peak of the pressure, combined with the athletes participating foot regional pressure peak time, athletes in the first and second phalanges area outside the remaining eight foot pressure division of peak pressure in cushioning period, stretching stage 1 and 2 phalanges area has maximum pressure.(6) Through two kinds of pressure peak mode combining kinematics analysis, with pressure peak mode 1 athletes participating the level of body gravity, the comparative speed dropped more than two modes of lateral takeoff up and down the speed of shoulder, jump instantly calf and horizontal Angle mode 1 of 2 big 4 degrees than mode, knee in vertical support phase mode 1‐2 to small 7 degrees mode. Comprehensive analysis, the mode of 1 is larger, the body athletes braking, compared to produce the speed up the level of athletes, mode and keep the body forward is better, faster. After take‐off will pass the literature for mode 1 foot pressure peak of athletes to "jump" high jump athletes foot pressure peak, the athletes for mode 2 summed up as "speed" type player.(7)With jump athletes foot pressure analysis, Suggestions on strength training next crouching stage, attention should focus on the heel, quick feet stage should be centered on the forepaws body, such doing can approximate imitate the participating muscle work of foot.(8)For Jumping in the foot pressure by impulse shoes of parts, check regularly to prevent the sole deformation, reduce unnecessary damage.