From The Myth Of Zuyuan To The Origin Of The Origin - Taking The Scarlet Myth As An Example

Panhu myth is not only the myth of the ancestral origin.of the Yao nationality and the She nationality,but also the history of their ethnic origin.Known panhu myth can be found earliestly in history books of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Panhu myth has spread and evolved in every historical period of later and has still widely circulated in the Yao nationality,the She nationality and the Miao nationality.There is about one thousand nine hundred years since the Eastern Han Dynasty to now.During this long period,Panhu myth has keep circulating and presenting two simultaneous but at the same time quite different routes because of distinctive ethnic groups of who has accepting and disseminating it to others and in where the panhu myth has been spreading.One is circulated in the past dynasties of "Huaxia" or "Central Dynasty", mainly in the history books in past dynasties.Another is circulated in ethnic group of panhu in the past dynasties,which can be found in their historical records including their history books and oral transmission.The two circulating routes present unlike characteristics because of the circulating process affected by quite different ethnic group.The former belongs to the "other" of the panhu myth,it basically follows and makes private copies of panhu myth in Chinese Han-Jin Dynasty, and there is no significant change.The latter is the "self" of the panhu myth.Because each phase of the history and the social situation is different, the form and content of the panhu myth through a lot of significant changes,on the premise of keepping the trunk and motif.These new panhu myths produced in the process of spread and evolution in fact express a kind of respond of "history" to "reality" in the specific social situation and historical situation.This article is divided into four chapters.Basing on the perspective of historical anthropology,panhu myth in Chinese Han-Jin Dynasty is regarded as a "Ethnography of History", being mainly focused on it’s content and meaning in the first chapter.In the following three chapters,panhu myth produced after the Northern and Southern Dynasties is regarded as a "Historical Ethnography",being mainly focused on the respond of the "past" to the "present" and the "history" to the "reality".The panhu myth in Han-Jin Dynasty is expounded in the first chapter. So far,those versions in Han-Jin Dynasty is the earliest known panhu myth.The panhu myth in this time period is relatively complete, and it is the origin of the subsequent plentiful panhu myth in different versions.The panhu myth in Sou Shen Ji and History of the Latter-Han Dynasty which is representative of this period is regarded as a kind of "Ethnography of History" in this chapter.It will be studied in three levels.Firstly,the interpretation of the panhu myth will be carried on through the "culture", "text" and "concept" three aspects.Secondly,the situation interpretation will be carried on through the history and the social reality at that time to explain the reason of the panhu myths produced in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Thirdly,functionality interpretation will be carried on by reading writing mode and the metaphor behind the text of the panhu myth to explan the Chinese Borderlands hidden in the panhu myth.In the second chapter,panhu myth from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to Tang and Song Dynasties is studied.In this period,the panhu myth is circulated simultaneously between ethnic groups of panhu and central dynasties,and began to show two vertical and synchronous spread routes.This chapter respectively expounds spread and evolution of the panhu myth during this period in these two groups, and clarify its characteristics.The panhu myth in history books written by people in dynasties of "huaxia" or "central dynasty" reflects that there is some question to the panhu myth in the group of "central dynasty" composed mostly by the Han nationality,but following,making private copies and continuing to write the panhu myth in the Han-Jin Dynasty still occupy the mainstream.Ping Huang Quan Die reflects the panhu myth spread in ethnic group of panhu in this period is evolved because of specific historical situation.The panhu myth is refactored in new historical situation,but at the same time,the hidden Chinese Borderlands is reinforced.The panhu myth in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty is studied in the third chapter.The circulating situation of the panhu myth during this period still in two line,and the spread in the "central dynasty" is more similar to the previous periodjust strengthening the Chinese Borderlands again and internalizing it.And for the ethnic group of panhu in this period,circulating situation is similar to the previous period,which means the panhu myth is reconstructed again.There is innovation and enriching both in form and content of the reconstructed panhu myth in this period,but the trunk and motif of the panhu myth remain unchanged.In the forth chapter,the panhu myth since the modern times is expounded.Since the modern times,a great change of the ethnic groups and ethnic relations in China have changed greatly.Especially after the founding of new China,as the national equality policy have been implemented,the ethnic group of panhu have become a part of the group of "Huaxia" or Chinese nation,the political boundaries between the two groups increasingly eliminated,and the hidden Chinese Borderlands also perished by nature.But during this period,the ethnic group of panhu and their descendants including the Yao nationality and She nationality still have their own national culture.So the panhu myth plays a role of cultural boundary as well,and there are many new panhu myths including songs, stories,folk legends which have more rich polt and diverse form in the Yao nationality,the She nationality and the Miao nationality.Both Myth and history are narrative genre,they were not differentiated In ancient time.It is based on this common of narrative that they are interconvertible form each other at times. Strictly speaking,panhu myth including mythical and historical text,it is the combination of both. Panhu myth is not only the legend of hero ancestors of the ethnic group of panhu,but also their history of ethnic origin from panhu to the "present" ethnic group of panhu and their descendants.All versions of panhu myth,no matter when they are written,where do they circulate and keep in,the historical text is the embodiment of "the historical mentality of heroic ancestor".All of the relationship among the people in the myth are in a tradition of stable social order.And the whole text of the panhu myth, with no exception, is the respond of the "past" to the "present", reflecting the respond of the history to the reality as well.