A Study On The Pronouns In Shang

Shangshu mainly records the historical materials about politics in ancient times.It has much colloquial language because of the content, which basically are admonition, oath or the conferment of a title. As a consequence, Shangshu is an indispensible material for researching the language, history, culture and so on in the period. The fifty eight books of Shangshu handed down today are usually divided into two parts. One is Fusheng’s. The other is the twenty five late books, Guwen Shangshu, which is the focus of this paper. Guwen Shangshu has been doubted as fake from Song Dynasty.Exhaustive statistics is expected to carry out a systematic description of pronouns of Guwen Shangshu.On the basis of previous research, we made a feature summary of the pronoun。And we try to compare with the pronoun of Jinwen Shangshu.In order to provide new evidence and reference to the distinguishing about Shangshu and the study of the history of Chinese grammar (on the basis of the fourth part of Jinwen Shangshu Grammar Studies) Pronouns in Guwen Shangshu can be divided into three categories:personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun, interrogative pronoun. The first two chapters analyse and summarise the pronouns of Guwen Shangshu one by one from the syntax and plurality.And try to discuss the language examples which are difficult to judge if it is a pronoun or not and what syntactic constituent it is.The first chapter is to study the function and usage of personal pronouns in Guwen Shangshu in some exhaustive research, including claims to first person pronouns, second person pronouns, third person-to-be pronouns and reflexive pronouns.The second chapter is to study the kind and function of demonstrative pronoun and interrogative pronoun in some exhaustive research. For the sake of the quantity and the structure of the article, we mainly discuss nearly pronouns and far pronoun, and discuss them respectively with a section; And several other kinds of demonstrative pronouns are discussed in one section.The fourth section is to study the function and usage of interrogative pronoun in some exhaustive research. Due to the amount and type of internal rarely, we directly discuss them in order, not divided into several sections.The third chapter is to compare the characteristics and usage of personal pronouns between Jinwen Shangshu and Guwen Shangshu.Personal pronoun focuses on the first person pronouns and second person pronouns.Demonstrative pronoun focuses on the nearly pronouns and far pronouns.Unveiling their differences mainly in the quantity,frequency,grammar function, plurality. Some important conclusions are acquired by analyzing:’‘予”and"台”in Guwen Shangshu are more than in Jinwen Shangshu,because the forger deliberately pursued archaism.“莫”exists in Guwen Shangshu but not Jinwen Shangshu owing to Guwen Shangshu’s late appearance.“奚”and“胡”exist in Guwen Shangshu but not Jinwen Shangshu is because of the forger fake the antique of Jinwen Shangshu. And so on.Based on the study above, we will have a more clear understanding for the different usage of pronouns in Guwen Shangshu and Jinwen Shangshu. We find that the usage of this three kinds of pronouns in the two parts has a lot of differences in the book.The conclusion part summarizes the characteristics of the pronouns of Guwen Shangshu and the overall differences between Jinwen Shangshu and Guwen Shangshu.We preliminarily inferred that Jinwen Shangshu and Guwen Shangshu were from different ages.