A Functional Cognition Of Prepositional Phrases And Their Object

In modern Chinese language, function words playing an important role in express grammatical meanings and grammatical relations, and prepositions are the most important of function words, their grammar status cannot be ignored, especially those prepositional phrases introduced by prepositions, their meaning of existence also cannot be underestimated. Based upon this and with a large number of language materials at hands, I have done a more detailed research on function and cognition use that made by the shift of prepositional phrases.Because of almost everyone has his own definition about prepositions, although it seems like they are different, there still are some rules are the same. So, the first thing I have done is to find the rules and made them be my basis to differ prepositions from verbs, conjunctions and nouns. And then according to the facts of a number of language materials, we can find out that the shift of prepositional phrases are abound and there are three kinds of the shift, that are prepositional phrases shift as a whole,prepositional phrases shift as a whole but with prepositions eliminated and prepositional phrases shift through conversion rule. The shift of prepositional phrases also have constraints. From the view of sentence construction, there are three constraints, such as the inner constraints of prepositional phrases, the outer constraints of prepositional phrases, and the inner factor and outer factor constraints together.From the view of semantic, the kinds of semantics and the semantic proximity are the main factor constraint the shift of prepositional phrases. From the view of pragmatics,Topic mark function, Highlight focus function and Textual function all can constraint prepositional phrases, but Textual function is the most absolute one, because the special function of prepositional phrases in text constraints the shift. Prepositional phrases shift with prepositions eliminated is also often, its feature is that the object after the preposition has a dominating-dominated relationship with the verb in that sentence, and this relationship is very closely related to the shift of prepositional phrases, and sometimes will also made the meaning of the sentences change.There are three reason make the shift happen, they are syntactic factors, semantic factors and pragmatic factors. Syntactic factors are superficial, dominant. Semantic factors are more deeper. Pragmatic factors are the main factors that make the shift happen. The shift of pragmatic factors will introduce functions of Syntactic, of Semantic, of Pragmatic. The same as above, the main function is the function of Pragmatic.