Analysis On The Demand Of Urban Residents' Old - Age Pattern And Its Influencing Factors

With the increasing of China’s aging degree, how to care for the elderly has gradually become the focus of attention of the society. The economic development drives the improvement of material life, but also brought some unavoided social problems, especially in city areas, main stream mode of several generations family split into some small core family. Therefore the purpose of this study is to explore the mode demand and choice of elderly in the objective economic conditions, and analysis the supply of three mainstream mode, in order to establish a system which has reasonable development direction. Because of if we know the real needs of the elderly, it can help to provide supporting policy for government departments, to make sure family, individual and the government have a clear goals, so that through a series of supply forms to satisfy the pension demand.Based on this, we review the literature and data about pension mode first, found that there are few literatures of elderly needs; Secondly, the theoretical part of the article make transverse and longitudinal comparison of elderly mode. Horizontal comparison illustrates the reasons of differences between Chinese and western elderly demand------Cultural differences, Vertical comparison combine Maslow’s needs theory with the development of Chinese economy, explain the demand structure from implicit to explicit, from junior to senior, from matter to spirit, from family to society in different historical period; Third, the data is collected through a questionnaire survey, using logistic model to analyze the elderly demand and the factors; Fourth, through the network questionnaire and data collection methods, describes the supply situation of family mode, self model and the social model in the actual condition; Fifth, according to the difference between demand and supply, put forward reasonable suggestion.Research results show that:generally want to rely on the government pension and their labor income to satisfied their economic need; About the daily life care demand, most elderly people think should mainly rely on their own or spouse, only a small part choose their children or government, but when they ill or unable to take care of themselves, generally people choose children or social professional organizations to provide care services; about the spiritual requirements, the majority choose rely on themselves or spouse, instead of child and government, city elderly think their best spiritual comfort is their children career success, precede over take care of them, live with them and comply them; for the living needs, more than half of the elderly hope to live with spouse or themselves, the second choose is to live with their children, the most reluctant to live in social institutions, so most of the elderly want to live in their own home. In the analysis of the logistic model, there are seven variables affect the economy support requirements:education,health status, occupation, personal monthly income, resident manner,life satisfactionan and source.So we should combine various pension mode, adhere to the social economic support mode, keep balance of supply and demand, to meet the needs of the elderly economic support, life care and sick care, spiritual comfort, housing demand. The specific practices are as follows:first,we should improve the social pension level moderately, encourage self support mode; secondly should establish the care service system, to provide various demand; finally to develop the old spiritual services, pay more attention to mental status of the elderly.