Historical Vicissitudes Of Resident's Income Difference In Developed Countries And The Revelations To China

Since the reform and open-up policy was carried out in China in 1978, especially in the middle and late 1990s, resident's income difference has taken on the tendency of expanding continually. Throughout the whole world, not only developing countries but also many developed countries are also faced with this problem. As a result, the problem about income distribution difference got much concern from governments and academic circles in different countries.According to the relevant discussions from academic circles, most scholars are only confined to China to discuss resident's income difference. Although there are some scholars who have also made some research into the problem on the basis of international comparison, there are few scholars who work at the income distribution difference of developed countries in a more systematic way. Obviously, systematic research into the historical vicissitudes of resident's income difference and the policies for income adjustment in developed countries, can help us treat China's present income difference correctly and put forward proper and constructive policies and measures to lessen China's income difference.On the whole, this thesis is divided into five chapters, whose basic contents are as follows:Chapter One analyzes the basic concepts relevant to income distribution difference and the indices for measurement. Exactly speaking, the resident's income difference involved in this thesis refers to size distribution of income and relative difference. Besides, the indices used mainly include Lorenz Curve, Gini Coefficient and cumulative quintile shares, etc..Chapter Two first presents the dynamic comparison towards historical vicissitudes of resident's income difference in developed countries, and then analyzes its influencing factors from a theoretical and empirical angle respectively. The empirical analysis is made mainly by using SPSS software, taking Gini Coefficient as dependent variable and a series of influencing factors indices as explanatory variable, and setting a regressive analysis to validate the relevant theories or vice versa.Chapter Three analyzes the dual influences on economy and society from resident's income difference of developed countries. On the one hand, proper income difference brings about much positive influence, which is helpful to raise resident's deposit rate, to upgrade and optimize industrial structure, to expand the scale of financial assets and to improve the ability to invest for residents. On the other hand, the expansion of income difference will lead to some negative influence, such as the inadequate demand for consumption and investment, affecting the social stability and economic growth, and so on.Chapter Four presents the policies and measures taken by developed countries to adjust resident's income difference, which mainly include those promoting equal opportunities and equal results, such as offering equal opportunities for being educated through perfecting elementary compulsory education and popularizing advanced education, levying high-amount property tax, heritage tax and personal income tax to adjust over-high income, and carrying out government transfer payment and social security policies to advance over-low income etc..Chapter Five presents the revelations to China. By analyzing the income distribution difference of developed countries, we should treat the expansion of income difference at present in China correctly, and puts forwards a series of proper policies and measures to adjust resident's income difference.