Study On The Habitat And Wetland Landscape Of Wintering Migratory Birds Around Poyang Lake With Remote Sensing

Poyang Lake is the international important wetlands; it plays a special ecologicalfunction of flood control and conservation of biodiversity in the Yangtze River. Itcan’t be replaced habitat of the Grus leucogeranus and Ciconia boyciana, each yeartens of thousands of birds to here in the winter and Known as "the crane world","thekingdom of Precious birds ".But the Poyang Lake is facing natural factors (floods anddroughts), human factors (to reclaim the land, water conservancy) and hydrologicalcharacteristics, wintering habitat for migratory birds in dramatic changes in thehydrological environment.Using the different water level of Landsat TM/ETM+remote sensing imageduring the winter and autumn of Poyang lake and classifing the landscape, this articleresearches on the wetland landscape pattern and wintering habitat of migratory birdschange with the different water level．(1)Analysis of the wetland landscape pattern with Water level change of poyanglake：On the whole, the big patches account dominant position and concentrate located,the small patches is minority and scattered layout; big patches is significcant of edgeeffects but complicated shape, the small patches with regular shape, and richecosystem types diversity.With the water level raises, the area of big patches continue expansion and thesmall patches area is slowly decreased.The expansion of the water body promotesscattered small patches aggregation, indicating that the water level change is the maindriving factors of wetland landscape pattern change. Accelerate the aggregation ofsmall patches guide landscape ecological diversity tends to uniformity. The number ofthe patches reduced,so as to the migratory bird habitat type.Big patches shapecomplexity and to bar or block distribution, its internal heterogeneity were lowersignificantly, the shape of the small and medium-sized patches with the water levelchange isn’t obviously.The SHDI (Shannon’S Diversity Index)of small patches is high.Although itshows the rich landscape types, but reflects the severe fragmentation of texture; thebig patches SHDI is high in the lower water level, indicating that the low water levelof Poyang Lake has a rich diversity of system, but in the high-water ecologicaldiversity trends tend to simplify, which may bring big negative effects for the habitatof wintering migratory birds.(2) Analysis of the migratory birds habitat with Water level change of poyang lake.Analysis the habitat preferences of migratory birds winter shows that shallowwater, soft mud and grass land are the main habitat type of migratory birds. When thelow water level the grass land is the main habitat type for migratory birds, accountingfor46.1%of the wetland, with the water level rise, the area of three habitat types aredown significantly that cause migratory birds habitat range reduced.So we can knowthat the water level is one of the important factor to change the bird habitat.With the different level, the area of migratory birds’ habitat changed differently.Such as the shallow water, mud and the glass land goes to peak between the level of8-12meters. Soft mud and glass land show the negative correlation with the waterlevel, but the shallow water isn’t correlation.Qian Qiu Lake (Sub-lakes) is advantage in the number of migratory birds,species diversity and concentration degree obviously, Show it played an importantrole in the winter habitat of migratory birds. Research30important sub-lakes showswhose habitat area maximum mostly appears between the level8-12meters, which isthe key level of migratory birds that can provide more migratory birds’ habitat.There is a defferential water lever beteween Qian Qiu lake and Xing Zi atPoYang lake,and the water level of Qian Qiu lake is higher than that of Xing Zi’s atthe same period.as water lever rosed,there is a up-down trend about habitat area oftypical migratory birds at Qian Qiu lake;habitat area of shallow water existdiversity,due to various foraging water depth of various of migratory birds.all inall,the range of the swallows and bows foraging in shallow water is greater than thatof the cranes’ is greater than the storks’.