A Research On The Non-genomic Estrogenic Effects Elicited By Several Natural-and Xeno-estrogens

A variety of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have estrogenic effects and are termed xenoestrogens (XEs). The genomic pathway mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) has been considered the major explanation for the estrogenic effects elicited by XEs. Presently, nongenomic pathways have achieved considerably more attention because the genomic pathways cannot fully elucidate many biological and physiological responses. Genomic and nongenomic pathways act either separately or cooperatively. XEs activate a variety of signaling pathways and downstream kinases. which in turn alter the posttranslational modification and activation of ERs. Classical ERs and their splice variants reside at the membrane and mediate rapid effects cooperatively with G protein-coupled estrogen receptor1(GPER), G protein, and many other signaling molecules. GPER seems more effective in mediating the synthetic chemical-induced effects. There are also feedback and feedforward mechanisms between both pathways. Numerous factors may affect both pathways. Furthermore, there were also some special phenomenon in XEs-elicited nongenomic pathway, like the low dose effects and non-monotonic dose responses. In this project, we specially concentrated on the XEs-induced nongenomic responses, the special phenomenon, and the major receptors which were involved in the nongenomic pathway of estrogenic effects. We can get a large amount of data on the dose-response relationships, the distinct response model in MCF-7cells, and the role which receptors play in mediating the estrogenic effects. This research will be sufficient and convictive in elucidating the distinct fashion in which XEs inducing the nongenonic pathway of estrogenic effects.