| In recent years, with the rapidly development of aviation industry, aviation safe problem has becoming greatly outstanding. Bird-flying is the main factor that affects the safety of space industry. There are a lot of bird-striking events happen every year. This problem has received considerable concern around the world. The bird-striking event has been put up to "A" in the field of aviation disaster. Most of the bird-striking events happened near the airport area. Therefore, it is particularly important to protect the birds.Through researching the ecological environment of the airport, we analyze the distribution of birds’ ecological diversity in Liangjiang international airport, and explore the factors that affect birds’ diversity. By making an evaluation of the influence towards aircraft that arised by bird-flying in Liangjiang international airport, as well as putting forward corresponding countermeasures to deal with those events, It is hope that these countermeasures may avoid the occurrence of bird striking event, thus to maintain the flight safety, and provide scientific basis for the governance of the bird striking in liangjiang international airport.From October 2012 to October 2013, the investigation of bird ecology mainly includes the vegetation investigation, birds, airport airfield grass animals and soil surface investigation, the amphibians and rodents survey, etc. the methods we have adopted include:sample line method, the method of sample, sample points belt transect method.Based on the results of the survey, we find that:(1) There have been recorded 547 species of vascular plants in total in Liangjiang international airport, which belong to 386 genera and 153 families. Among them, there are 37 ferns, which belong to 25 genera and 18 families; 14 Gymnosperms, which belong to 11 genera and 8 families; Angiosperms 496 species,350 genera and 127 families. In accordance with the plant traits,105 kind of arbor, shrub 157 kinds,285 kinds of herb; Liana 52 species. According to use Classification, ornamental plants,126 kinds,28 species, fruit plant material with 14 species, 4 kinds of chemical raw material plants, seven kinds of food plants,146 kinds of medicinal plants and other 14 species resources. There are 183 kinds of cultivated plants and 71 kinds of plants of birds eat fruit.(2) Within Liangjiang international airport and the surrounding area totally record 110 kinds of birds, which belong to 13 orders,39 families and 75 genera. Among them, there are 59 species of resident birds, which account for 53.64 percent in total. Besides, there are 22 species summer birds, accounting for 20 percent; 17 species of winter birds, accounting for 15.46 percent, and 20 species of migrants, accounting for 18.19 percent. what’s more, there are 62 species of oriental birds, accounting for 56.37 percent. Palaearctic species are 34 species, accounting for 30.09 percent. All sexual species of 14 species, accounting for 12.73 percent.(3) The other constitution of liangjiang international airport. We have caught 28 kinds of grass animals and soil surface animals at the airport. Among them, sea grass animals, including spectacle, hymenoptera, colepera, lepidoptera, diptera, and spiders are dominant, while the soil animals hymenoptera formicidae and order araneae are dominant species. We have recorded 7 species of amphibians and 5 kinds of rodents in random.(4) The diversity of bird species can been seen in their different habitats:farmland> forest land> shrub> grass> freshwater waters> residential area; Population density:farmland> shrub> residential area> forest land> grass> fresh water; Richness index:farmland> forest land> shrub> grass> freshwater waters> freshwater waters residential area; H:species diversity of farmland> shrub> residential area> forest land> freshwater waters the lawn; Evenness index JH:farmland> shrub> forest land> grass> fresh water waters residential area. Farmland the parameters of the habitat of birds are highest, species richness in residential area is lowest; so as the diversity index in the grass. While the population density of fresh water birds also lowest. Therefore, we can find that there is a quite complex relationship between the diversity of bird species and their surrounding environment.(5)Diversity of birds in the changing seasons of autumn and winter show the number of species and abundance index were followed in the top two, all kinds of diversity indices were the lowest in summer. Overall throughout the winter population density, diversity index, evenness index are higher than the autumn. Therefore, different seasons have a strong impact on bird diversity.(6) Birds feeding on a widly range in the food chain, carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous bird are distributed, composed of large biomass of animals in airport flight area, and the plants for birds in the surrounding are also rich. Therefore, food diversity around the airport attracts lots of birds’ attention.(7) There are rich resources in Liangjiang international airport peripheral environment, which attracts a large number of birds. We need to disturbance it reasonably, in order to destroy the environment which birds have adaptrd. |
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