| In this paper, the influence factors of earthquake casualties were discussed, 82 earthquake casualty data from the year 1990 to 2013 were collected to study the influence between earthquake casualties and the main influence factors. In order to meet the rapid estimation of earthquake death toll, achieve the requirements of dispatch the rescue team as soon as possible, the method of estimation of earthquake death toll should be simple and easy to obtain, so it can reduce the accuracy requirement. According to the above, earthquake intensity as the independent variable, the mortality(death number / affected population) as the dependent variable, through the actual earthquake casualty data, establish empirical statistical relationship.Firstly, by collecting 6 earthquake casualty data in Yunnan since 1970, establishing area(single) earthquake and the average seismic intensity-mortality rate experience relationship. Secondly, Several casualty data in Wen-chuan earthquake were collected, including Sichuan, Gansu and Shanxi province, the seismic intensitymortality rate models were established in above three cases. The results and the actual number of deaths are in the same order of magnitude, meet the demands of rapid assessment.The direct factor of earthquake casualties is the building collapsed, after preliminary assessment, the number and distribution of earthquake casualties can be estimated through the distribution of building collapsed. Taking the Nepal earthquake a building area as an example, according to the supervised classification, unsupervised classification and object-oriented classification method to classify the remote sensing image before and after the earthquake. Results showe that the object-oriented classification method has a better outcome than other method, the object-oriented classification results accuracy reaches 97.25% before the earthquake. It provides ways for the rapid assessment of buildings collapsed and earthquake casualties to use GIS after the earthquake. |
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