The Research On Female Social Relations Of Golden Snub-nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus Roxellana) In Hubei Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

The golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) perches on the damp and cold alpine forests. The individual quantity often reached more than hundreds and the social organization and social structure is compact. The organization and structure is strict and the social basic unit is one-male unit (OMU) and all-male unit (AMU). One OMU has 2～7 female adults and some sub-adult individuals and a number of infant monkeys, but the form of AMU is single, made up of some different age males. The societies base on the one-male unit (OMU), form Band, Herd and troop on the space. The multi-level societies have stable social structure. Generally speaking, the social stability was maintained by the society rank. In the society of golden snub-nosed monkey, whether the relationship between females show significant linear relationship, and no study involved.From October 22,2014 to May 24,2015, we select behavior sampling and all-occurrences recording to observe and record aggressive-submissives behavior and grooming behavior in Dalongtan golden snub-nosed monkey base of Shennongjia national nature reserve, Hubei province, China. Through observed and studied three habituation social unit (Xiao bai, Hou hou and Gu er), we used aggressive-submissives behavior and grooming behavior dominance index method to determine the rank sequence of female individual, used correlation and systematic clustering to determine the validity of the rank relationship between the female in OMU.Our results of this study showed that golden snub-nosed monkey in Dalongtan is polygamy of multi-level societies, the basic social unit is one-male unit (OMU). adult female of 2-7 numbers. Rank correlation of the Xiao bai’s, Gu er’s and Hou hou’s OMU was linear. Through cluster analysis, we found that female individual divided into four categories in Xiao bai’s OMU, female individual divided into two categories in Gu er"s OMU and female individual divided into three categories in Hou hou’s OMU. Through aggressive-submissives behavior and grooming behavior dominance index method and spearman rank correlation and systematic clustering, we found female individual had linear rank social relationship, also had alliance in middle class among female. Our study demonstrated that the social relations of golden snub-nosed monkey is a rank relationship of Multi-level societies, is a social relations complement and providing theoretical basis protection to golden snub-nosed monkey.