The Molecular Phylogenetic Study Of The Genus Patania From China

Patania is a genus of the subfamily Spilomelinae, which belongs to family Crambidae of the superfamily Pyraloidea. Genus Patania was established by Moore in 1888, the type of it is Botys concatenalis. It is recorded that there are about 50 species all over the world, 27 of which are found in China. Some species in Patania is similar in appearance, so genitalia are very important for identification in this genus. Combining the traditional taxonomic methods and the technique methods of molecular, we constructed molecular phylogenetic trees on Patania distributed in China at the first time and analyzed molecular evolution and mutations of mitochondrial and nuclear gene. It is aimed to reveal the interspecific relationship of genus Patania, and provide some references on molecular phylogenetic research of the subfamily Spilomelinae.We used the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI, 658 bp), the nuclear gene ribosomal protein S5(Rp S5, 597 bp) and the trifunctional gene carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase/dihydroorotase(CAD, 615 bp). These DNA were sequenced for Patania from China, along with many other putative outgroup. Target fragments were proofreading by eye. Sequences from different sample were aligned by Clustal X 2.1 software. Phylogenies were estimated using neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, and various taxon and character datasets. The main conclusions of the study are as follows:1) 27 species of Patania from China are included in this study. The NJ tree showed that samples of the same species had got together. It proved that we could use the fragement of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I we amplified, using universal primers LCO/HCO, as a DNA barcode to identify species in Patania. 2) Taxa were set up to calculate the intraspecific variations and interspecific divergences. We used MEGA 5.05 software to calculate intraspecific genetic distances and interspecific genetic distances based on the Kimura-2-parameter model, 1000 bootstrap. The results showed that the average pairwise distance within species was 0.013, and the average interspecific genetic distance of these 26 species was 0.101. Significantly, the average intraspecific genetic distance was less than the average interspecific genetic distance. 3) The results of the different phylogenetic analyses using neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference for CO1 data set were largely congruent. 26 species of Patania from China could be divided into 8 clades, matching the morphological classification result. Besides, samples of different species could gather together. Every group of closely related species were separated from others. 4) The results of the different phylogenetic analyses(NJ, ML, BI) for combined sequence of CAD, CO1 and Rp S5 were basically congruent. There were still particular differences between result of the neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. We adopted the result that 17 species of Patania from China could be divided into 7 clades mainly according to maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference results. 5) Comprehensive analysis suggested that 27 species could be divided into 7 groups according to morphological similarity and genetic relationship. Species in a group shared the more close relations than species out of the group. Groups are as follows: 1) Patania inferior(Hampson, 1898), P. quadrimaculalis(Kollar et Redtenbacher, 1844) and P. mundalis(South, 1901); 2) P. holophaealis(Hampson, 1912), P. costalis(Moore, 1888), P. verecunda(Warren, 1896), P. harutai(Inoue, 1955) and P. scinisalis(Walker, 1859); 3) P. obfuscalis Yamanaka, 1998, P. clava Xu & Du, sp. nov., P. plagiatalis(Walker,1859) and P. iopasalis(Walker, 1859); 4) P. sabinusalis(Walker, 1859), P. balteata(Fabricius, 1798), P. nigriflava(Swinhoe, 1894), P. chlorophanta(Butler, 1878), P. punctimarginalis(Hampson,1896) and P. ruralis(Scopoli, 1763); 5) P. sellalis(Guenée, 1854), P. orissusalis(Walker, 1859), P. concatenalis(Walker, 1866), P. definita(Butler, 1889), P. sp. and P. xuthusalis(Walker, 1859); 6) P. deficiens(Moore, 1887); 7) P. semivialis Moore, 1888 and P. expictalis(Christoph, 1881).