Study On Pollution Characteristics And Source Apportionment Of Atmospheric Particles On The Northern Cold Region

In most areas of China, particulate matter (PM10) has become one of the primary pollutants in atmospheric environment. PM2.5had been written in the new revision "Ambient Air Quality Standards". In our northern cities, the cold period exists for a long time, its special geographical and climatic conditions determine the specific atmospheric pollution.This study based on the energy structure, population characteristics, meteorological condition and the development of urbanization process in Harbin, monitored and analyzed the concentration, physical and chemical properties of PM2.5and PM10. The study used the SEM, EF and PCA methods to analysis the source apportionment under different weather situations in Harbin. The results of a variety of source apportionment methods to accurately estimate the sources of pollutants.Meanwhile, Based on the results, we proposed the scientific, reasonable, facilitate, high maneuverability of the prevention and control measures,and provided the effectively control particulate air pollution theory and data support,. It has important guiding significance to improve the atmospheric environment in Harbin. This study collected PM2.5and PM10and measured massconcentration,water-soluble ions, inorganic elements and carbon analysis from July2013-May2014. The results showed that most mouths throughout the year concentration of PM2.5and PM10exceeded the the standard; NH4+、NO3-and SO42-were the main components of water-soluble ions, the ions present different season distribution characteristics; inorganic elements such as K, Al, Fe, S and Si also showed the seasonal distribution characteristics. OC/EC is above2during the most months of the year indicating that the secondary organic carbon pollution is serious and the most serious season were fall and winter. During the haze days, average concentration of PM2.5is753.45μg/m3, the average concentration of PM10is884.51μg/m3, and the concentration of day time was higher than night, the concentration of all water-soluble ions mass concentration in PM2.5and PM10from night were higher than those from day time, the ratio is1.38-1.74. During the Spring Festival, because of the fireworks, the relevant of the compositions of fireworks (NO3-、SO42-、NH4+、K+、Cl-、Mg、Fe、Sr, etc.) had increased. By the methods of enrichment factor (EF) and factor analysis (PCA) to analyze the main source of atmospheric PM2.5and PM10, it had showed that the pollution sources had changed in different seasons, coal combustion,oil combustion,dust, soil, secondary reactions and automobile exhaust all had impacted the pollution of PM2.5and PM10in Harbin.