Pollution Characteristics And Source Apportionment Of Atmospheric Fine Particles In Harbin

With the rising of China economy and the acceleration of urbanization, atmospheric pollution undergoes significant changes.Especially the fine particulate matter PM1.0 and PM2.5 in the atmosphere not only cause damage to atmospheric environment, but affect people’s normal production and normal life.This study was based on the representative sampling sites in Harbin, which collected atmospheric fine particulate matter PM1.0 and PM2.5. The study mainly analyzed the characteristics of their mass concentration, number concentration, the water-soluble ions and inorganic elements, and then used Enrichment Factor and Positive Matrix Factorization to estimate the sources of PM1.0 and PM2.5 of four seasons. Based on the conclusion of source apportionment, we proposed the reasonable prevention and control measures. It has important significance to control atmospheric fine particulate matter PM1.0 and PM2.5 pollutin in Harbin, thereby imrove Harbin’s atmospheric environment.The sampling time of study was from November 2014 to November 2015. Through the detection and analysis of the mass concentration, number concentration, the water-soluble ions and inorganic elements of PM1.0 and PM2.5, the results showed that the trend of their mass concentration was similar; PM1.0 accouted for the vast majority of PM2.5; The number concentration of heating period was higher than non-heating period, the indoor number concentration was controlled by outdoor number concentration, the distance from the road was shorter, the number concentration was higher; SO42-、NO3-、NH4+ generated from the secondary pollutin was the major components of water-soluble ions, which indicated the atmospheric secondary pollutin in Harbin was serious; The concentration of inorganic elements in heating period, especially the coal marker S, Pb, Zn was higer than non-heating period; The daytime concentration of PM1.0 and PM2.5 during haze was lower than the night concentration, but during the non-haze period the law is not clear. All water-soluble ions wre enriched in PM1.0, the concentration of Cl- in haze period was much higher than the non-haze period, while Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+ changed a little; the concentration of soil dust marker Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Na、Si was higher than other inorganic elements, which indicated whether or not the haze the soil dust was one of the major sources of atmospheric fine particulate pollution.By the methods of Enrichment Factor(EF) and Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF) to analyse sources of PM1.0 and PM2.5, it showed that besides the soil dust from natural sources, the secondary aerosols, coal, construction dust, vehicle exhaust and biomass burning were the major sources of PM1.0 and PM2.5 in Harbin, and their contributin rate was different in different season.