The Study Of Ecological Risk Zoning And Emergency Countermeasures Of Oil Spills On Shanghai Ocean Area

With the new situation of vigorously developing and utilizing marine resources,the industry chain of offshore oil exploitation and transportation have tremendouslydeveloped. Whereas, it increases the risk of marine oil spill incident despite the hugeeconomic benefits it brought.As an important fishery resources area in China, Shanghai ocean areahas abundant maritime resources, important ecological protection zones andwater channels, without the current and effective monitoring and controlling actions,the potential oil spill pollution will seriously endanger the marine ecosystem, inaddition to bring huge economic losses. Especially endanger the important drinkingwater source area such as Qincaosha, Chen Hang, and Dongfeng Xisha. Furthermore,it will lead to a serious threat to human life and health directly. It’s particularly urgentand vital to develop the ecological environmental risk zoning and to protect thesensitive resources, especially the important source of drinking water in Shanghai.At present, it’s still rarely studying in oil spills on Shanghai and adjacent sea, andthe ecological risk index system is not perfect. So it is difficult to develop rapid andintuitive oil spill emergency response measures when it happened.In this research, we mainly aimed to make systematic research and analysis onecological risk zoning and emergency measures for oil spills on Shanghai ocean area,so as to establish a set of suitable emergency response decision support systemfor Shanghai oil spills, and providing technical support forthe regional development of oil spill emergency response plan and emergency action.On the whole, it will be realized by three aspects, identification of the source,ecological risk zoning and emergency response system of oil spills. This system willnot only help to manage and control the risk of oil spills, but also has a positivesignificance to reduce the ecological and economy loss, and makefor marine ecological compensation legislation.（1）Diagnosis of Marine Oil Spill SourceIn this paper, the information of the two major oil spill accidents, which occurred near Wusong and Jiuduansha of Shanghai sea area in2012, were analyzed by usingthe multi-satellite data based on the medium resolution MODIS of ESA and HJ-1domestic environment satellite. At first, by applying ratio operation between oil-watersensitive channel bands, the difference between film and background water’s spectralreflectance was emphasized. After that, threshold determination method based onimage segmentation was used, combined with the spectrum characteristic of heavydiesel oil, the oil spills information was effectively extracted from the suspected oilfilms area. With validating the field investigation results, we found that HJ-1datahas the high extraction accuracy. Because the HJ-1data in the shortwaveinfrared band (1.55-1.75μ m) flare effect can reflect the film surface, interferenceeffectively distinguish between oil and other non polluting oil film. Putting together,the oil spills location, area and quantity were diagnosed to provide the fundamentalanalysis data for emergency response work.（2）Ecological Risk Zoning of Oil SpillsIn this paper, combined with the distribution information of sensitive ecologicalresources around Shanghai waters and the feature information of oil spills, the methodof grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was applied to establish a fuzzy evaluation ofthe sensitivity coefficient of ecological sensitive area, which is combined withqualitative and quantitative to express the subjective basis of human in the form ofnumbers, so as to make the evaluation results more rational and scientific.Furthermore, based on GIS platform, we classified the risk grade of ecologicalsensitive area which is nearby the pollution source with high frequency of accident bycomprehensively analyzing the statistical information of the oil spill accidents overthe years and the flow of ships. Putting together, the information of influence range ofoil spills, high risk areas and protection order of ecological sensitive resources can bereflected in each block directly, according to the large scale map of ecologicalenvironmental risk zoning of oil spills on Shanghai waters, thus to providefundamental analysis for the emergency response work after the ocean accidents.From the results, we can get the following three points. First of all, thesensitive coefficient of drinking water source area in Shanghai ocean area is highest.Secondly, the shipping area which near the Wusong port of downstream of HuangpuRiver, retention and seashore scenic and tourist area are always the high incidenceareas in this place. Thirdly, the order of sensitive resources protection priority aroundthe high oil spill incidence areas is drinking water source area in the second block which called Qincaosha, and then is marine nature reserve, agricultural andfishery resources utilization and conservation area, seaside scenicspot, reserve, shipping, and industrial and urban marine using area, respectively.All these results are not only benefit to control the risk of oil spills, but also helpto reduce the loss of ecology and social economy from the future accidents. What’smore, it also has positive guiding significance to marine ecologicalcompensation legislation and sensitive resources protection in high incidence area.（3）Establish Emergency Response SystemFinally, to establish the emergency response system is mainly focus on the fouraspects, such as the emergency organization, emergency response procedures,emergency response and emergency resources. According to the standard ofecological risk zoning system on Shanghai ocean area, we establish the oilspill emergency response visualization system to analysis the three high accidentsimulation points combined with the accident case of oil spills based on VBplatform. So as to show the affected ecological sensitive region by oil spilldirectly, and evaluate the grade of emergency response in partition block. Theefficient emergency response plans mainly to provide the information likeconservation priority of ecological sensitive resources, cleaning solution ofpolluted waters and coastal, deal with the aftermath work of waste and confirm theend of emergency response.In the future, characteristics of sensitive resources,harmfulness of oil, classification of oil quantity and simulation image of oil spilltrajectory should be added to make difference management and remediation of oilspill pollution, especially to strengthen the shipping pollution prevention and controlsystem of important water source area like Qingcaosha reservoir and other sensitivewaters.