Study On The Biological Activity Of Essential Oil From Of Zanthoxylum Ailanthoides And Distillation Against Mosquitoes

Aedes albopictus are common experimental blood-feeding mosquitoes. They transmit many diseases and risk to human health. Essential oils contain rich biological active substance, and as known many of them have insecticidal and repellent activity. So essential oils have great potential to be developed into the new insecticides with environment safely, biodegrading easily and not easy resistant to mosquitoes.Extraction of essential oil from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit by steam distillation and separation of essential oil from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit by vacuum distillation had been used in the study. After vacuum distillation, got9samples of distillation. Insecticidal activity of essential oils and9samples of distillation against firsth～fourth instars larvae and pupae of Ae. albopictus was investigated by immersion method; Fumigation toxicity against adult of Ae. albopictus at different dosages were carried out by airtight fumigation in conical flask and airtight cylinder method; The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the chemical composition of essential oils and9samples of distillation. The results as the follows:（1）. The24h LC₅₀ values of essential oil from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit and9samples of distillation for the I, Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ instar larvae and pupae of Ae. Albopictus were in between8.207-24.588μg/ml,9.017-32.929μg/ml,13.484-48.421μg/ml,22.628-77.520μg/ml,52.558-123.520μg/ml, respectively. Essential oil from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit demonstrates high larvicide activities to the I,Ⅱ,Ⅳ instar larvae and pupae of Ae. Albopictus, sample9demonstrates high larvicide activities to the Ⅲ instar larvae of Ae. Albopictus, sample3demonstrates high larvicide activities to the Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ instar larvae of Ae. Albopictus, sample2demonstrates high larvicide activities to the I instar larvae and pupae of Ae. Albopictus.（2）. The24h LC₅₀ values of fumigation toxicity that essential oils from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit and9samples of distillation against adult of Ae. Albopictus by airtight fumigation in conical flask were16.371μg/cm³、6.717μg/cm³、10.787μg/cm³、4.255μg/cm³、9.446μg/cm³、11.133μg/cm³、7.092ug/cm³12.402μg/cm³、7.398μg/cm³、33.548μg/cm³, respectively. Sample3demonstrates high fumigation toxicity to adult of mosquitoes. Sample9demonstrates low fumigation toxicity to adult of mosquitoes.At the concentration of24h LC₅₀ values, the fumigation of essential oils from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit and9samples of distillation against adult of Ae. Albopictus, the KT₅₀ of sample2（4.18lmin）> sample4（5.079min）> sample3（5.715min）> sample5（6.878min）> sample1（7.227min）> sample7（7.407min）> sample9（8.404min）> sample6（9.039min）> samole8（10.110min）> essential oils from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit（11.692min）; sample2showed the strongest activity of fumigation, and essential oils from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit showed the weakest activity of fumigation.At the concentration of30μg/cm³, the fumigation of essential oils from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit and9samples of distillation against adult of Ae. Albopictus, the KT₅₀ of sample2（3.264min）> sample3（3.280min）> sample1（3.490min）> sample4（3.540min）> sample6（3.737min）> sample9（5.907min）> essential oils from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit （6.168min）;> sample7（6.583min）> sample8（6.807min）> sample5（7.987min）; sample2showed the strongest activity of fumigation, and sample5showed the weakest activity of fumigation.（3）. Qualitative analysis of chemical components of essential oils from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit and9samples of distillation were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thirty-six compounds were identified in essential oil from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit, including the main component2-Tridecanone （59.727%）,2-Dodecanol （6.244%）, D-Limonene （5.573%）,2-Pentacosanone （4.411%）,1-methyl-3-（1-methylethyl）-benzene （2.982%）, Terpinen-4-ol （2.844%）, trans-,5-methyl-2-（1-methylethyl）-Cyclohexanone （2.35%）, Vinyl decanoate （1.566ml）, beta.-Phellandrene （1.445%）,2-methyl-undecanal （1.252%）,（1R）-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, acetate,.alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl-3-Cyclohexene-l-methanol（1.032%）; sample1including the main component D-Limonene （25.52%）, tert-Butylbenzen （18.95%）, Eucalyptol （18.93%）; sample2including the main component D-Limonene （22.84%）, tert-Butylbenzen （18.72%）, Eucalyptol （17.26%）; sample3including the main component D-Limonene （22.38%）, tert-Butylbenzen （15.85%）, Eucalyptol （15.69%）; sample4including the main component2-Tridecanone （20.80%）,（R）-4-methyl-l-（1-methylethyl）-3-Cyclo hexen-1-ol （14.10%）, D-Limonene （12.08%）; sample5including the main component2-Pentacosanone（45.32%）,（R）-4-meth-y1-1-（1-methylethyl）-3-Cyclohexen-l-ol（19.20 %）, trans-,5-methyl-2-（1-methyl-ethyl）-Cyclohexanone （11.92%）; sample6including the main component2-Pentacosanone（38.07%）,（R）-4-methyl-l-（1-methylethyl）-3-Cy-clohexen-1-ol （15.29%）, trans-,5-methyl-2-（l-methylethyl）-Cyclohexanone （8.25%）, sample7including the main component2-Pentacosanone（34.73%）,（R）-4-methyl-l-（l-methylethyl）-3-Cyclohexen-l-ol（13.33%）,2-Tridecanone（11.93%）, D-Limonene （6.74%）; sample8including the main component2-Pentacosanone （340.75%）,（R）-4-methyl-l-（1-methylethyl）-3-Cyclohexen-l-ol,（15.05%）,2-Tridecan-one （11.93%）; sample9including the main component2-Tridecanone （70%）,2-Dodecanol （5.09%）,2-Pentacosanone（4.13%）.9samples of distillation contained different chemical compounds, and showed different biological activity.The results of the present study demonstrate that essential oils from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fruit and9separation of components have larvicidal activity, fumigation activity against mosquitoes. They have the potential to be developed as effective, ecofriendly insecticide to control mosquitoes.