| There are plenty of crop straw resources in China, in recent years, most of that abandoned in the field or burn as a waste, this phenomenon cause many adverse effects on the environment and lead to serious environmental pollution and waste of resources, which lead to a problem to be solved that makes high value of utilization of straw. Crop straw is one kinds of the main raw material, research and development the technology of plant fiber which can be completely degradation and plant fiber mulch which can be completely degradation too, promote the enhancement of utilization of straw value, which is an effective way to solve the agricultural waste pollution. In order to afford a technical support for producing completely biodegradable mulch of plant fiber satisfying the organic farming, and to provide theoretical basis for improve the performance of the degradable corn straw plant mulch which can satisfy the requirement of crops organic cultivation, to comparative the technology of two kinds of fiber making in its optimal technology, and to research the performance of the whole corn straw fiber mulch covering in field. Experiments were conducted to select the optimal values of technical parameters. Corn straw fiber was extracted by physical method and the pulp was made by clean pulp technology. The following aspects were studied in this article:Take corn straw for raw material, making corn straw fiber and corn husk fiber using raw material supply system, the length of the cutting material, time in water, working temperature of the system and rotating speed of the system were evaluated by using quadratic regression orthogonal rotary method with four factors and five levels to get optimum processing parameters. Recovery ratio of fiber, primary beating degree and length/width ratio were used as response functions. And regression models were also built for the further study. The significant effects of parameters on the quality of fibers were as follows:An optimum combination is the length of the cutting material of corn straw between6mm to8mm,18h in water, working temperature of the system between81℃to89℃and rotating speed of the system110r/min. The length of the cutting material of corn straw between11mm to12mm,24h in water, working temperature of the system between65℃ to80℃and rotating speed of the system98r/min, in this case, Recovery ratio of fiber more than95%, primary beating degree more than11°SR, and length/width ratio more than50, the technical economy of fibers is optimal.By adopting the method of comparison test to comparative technology which making fibers in each optimal, Experimental result indicated that the tensile index of corn husk fiber is significant better than that of corn straw fiber.Multiple comparison test method was employed to discover the performance of the straw fiber mulch. Results indicated that there was no difference between straw fiber films of the performance including moisture conservation, effect on plant height, thermal insulation and yield, however, the degradable rate of the corn straw fiber was shorter than that of rice straw. Both of them can be degraded in the plant cultivation period. When treated with stalk fiber film covering, the content of grass in the treatments showed significantly superior to control. The performance including moisture conservation and plant height and yield were same as those of plastic film. The performance of weed infestation had differences with plastic film, and the effect of thermal insulation had significant differences comparing with plastic film. With the purpose of improving the properties of stalk fiber film, the performance of thermal insulation had no differences compared to control.The result indicated that making fibers which in good technical economy and environmental protection using straw fiber machine under the condition of each process parameter optimization combination... |
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