| Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent and bioaccumulative brominated flame retardants, and they have typically been produced as commercial penta-, octa-, and deca-BDE formulations. PBDEs have been widely used in polymeric materials to improve the fire safety performance of electrical products and electronic appliance, instruments, textiles and construction products, packing materials, toys, daily commodities and many other products. The pollution investigation of PBDEs has been front and hotspot themes in envrionmental science because of their environmental harmfulness and biotoxicity. Plactic products always contain PBDEs. Due to PBDEs do not chemically bond with plastic polymer, they are easily released from plastics during the plastic product recycling, including crushing, granulation, modification, and moulding, which caused environmental pollution in plastic waste recycling areas. Heavy PBDE pollution maybe occurre in the crude recycling of the increasing plastic waste.The concentration, distribution and pollution characterisrics of21congeners of PBDEs were investigated in13plants and15common vegetables from a typical waste plastic recycling area, in order to understand the PBDEs accumulation in plants of waste plastics recycling areas. The concentrations of21congeners of PBDEs ranged from11.33to122.39ng/g dry weight (dw) with a mean of51.23ng/g (dw) in non-edible plants, and0-26.76ng/g dw with a mean value of8.47ng/g dw in vegetables. Compared with some previous studies, the results showed that the PBDE levels in plants in this study was similar to those in some e-waste recycling sites of China, which was much higher than that in general sites. Obvious concentration differences of total PBDE and PBDE congeners were observed among the different plants. Compared with those from e-waste recycling sites and other natural regions, deca-BDE contributed more in the PBDE pollution in the plants from plastic waste recycling area.The accumulation of∑21PBDEs and BDE209were investigated in the terrestrial animals, including goose, chicken, locusts, dragonflies, mantis, crickets, from this typical plastic waste recycling aera. PBDEs were detected out from these terrestrial species except mantis. The concentrations of∑21PBDEs ranged from298.31to5055.42ng/g lipid, averaged1824.87ng/g lipid. The concentrations of BDE209were in the range of0～2877.6ng/g, with an average of1198.63ng/g lipid. In this study, different PBDE accumulation were observed in these terrestrial animals. The highest concentration of∑21PBDEs were found in chicken, followed by the crickets and locusts. In the plastic waste recycling area, PBDEs have been widely distributed in the aquatic species, including crucian crap, snakehead and eel. The concentrations of∑21PBDEs ranged from0to0.05, from9.83to831.81, from14.7to15.01ng/g lipid in snakehead, crucian crap, eel, respectively. The different PBDE levels in aquatic species maybe attribute to the difference of their living and prey habits.The risks of human exposure to PBDEs were estimated based on the daily consumption of the edible plants and animals from the plastic waste recycling area. Further, the risk diffrences were dicussed based on the ages and genders of local residents. For male residents, the results showed that the estimated daily intakes of PBDEs toxicity equivalent concentrations were0.072,0.065,0.981,0.042pg/kg·bw/day for children, teenagers, adults and the aged group, respectively. For female residents, the estimated daily intakes of thoes toxic concentrations were0.072,0.052,0.958,0.040pg/kg-bw/day for children, teenagers, adults and the aged residents, respectively. There were obvious gender-related and age-related differences in the daily PBDE intakes in the stuied area.The data reported here confirm that relatively higher levels of PBDEs occurred in the terrestrial and aquatic organisms from the crude plastic waste site. The risks of human intake exposure to PBDEs should be of great concern. |
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