| Hazel is distributed widely in China. Its fruit, named filbert, is one of the most popular nuts, enjoy the laudatory name "king of nuts". While the Hazel flower has not been utilized effectively, resulting in a certain degree of resources waste. Numerous studies showed that pollen of plants are rich in numerous bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, polyphenols and polysaccharides, etc, which contribute to various related bioactivities. At present, experiments have confirmed the Hazel flower can reduce the blood sugar in diabetic mice, however, no systematic studies focus on the flower pollen of Hazel have been reported. Therefore, in this paper, Hazel flower was studied, system analysis its physiologically active components.Using the Hazel flower as material, general composition and physiological active components, for example, total flavonoids, total saponin, total polyphenols in hazel pollen were determined. Results showed that the content of total saponin bioactive components was12.6±0.2mg/g, total flavonoids content was18.3±0.24mg/g, total phenolic content was16.8±0.16mg/g.The active ingredient contents of ethanoicl and water extraction of Hazel pollen, and the antioxidant properties of ectracts were assaved using different methods including scavenging DPPH free radical, total antioxidant and reducing power. Ethanoicl and water extracts from Hazel pollen both showed strong scavenging DPPH free radicals. And ethanoicl extracts showed higher than water extracts in scavenging DPPH free radical and reducing power, total antioxidant properties. Therefore, selection ethanol extracts of hazel pollen as raw material to study in later experiments.Different solvents were selected for hazel pollen ethanol extracts, each component which obtained was used for its pharmacological studies. Through the analysis antioxidant properties of different extracts in vitro, results showed that in addition to water and hexane, other components can better scavenge the DPPH free radical, the scavenging DPPH free radical ability of the ethyl acetate fraction is stronger than VE which had the better antioxidant ability. Scavenging ability order was ethyl acetate fraction> VE> dichloromethane fraction> ethanol fraction> n-butanol fraction> water, hexane fraction. With several kinds of common bacteria on hazel pollen anti-bacterial experiment, results showed that only the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fraction had inhibitory effect on microorganism. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration, dichloromethane fraction less than ethyl acetate fractions, except the S. epidermidis SK9. Hazel pollen inhibited the production of NO and PGE2in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-activated RAW264.7cells showed that dichloromethane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction in a higher dose-dependent manner. In the LDH analysis, the dichloromethane fraction showed cytotoxicity60%(25μg/mL), ethyl acetate fraction did not detect the cell toxicity. Similarly, both of them inhibited the production of PGE2were obvious, and in a higher dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the in vivo gastric ulcer and liver protection activity of ethyl acetate fraction was evaluated with mouse models.The results showed that the hazel pollen extract strongly ameliorated the lesion site, but the improvement effect was not as good as drug effect. Hazel pollen extract inhibited the elevation of serum ALT activity (P<0.05), but the inhibition of AST activity was not obvious. A nalysis the hazel pollen extracts on gastric cancer AGS cells and SK-Hepl cells by MTT method in vitro. The results showed that dichloromethane fraction had good inhibitory activity in both of cancer cells, at the concentration of50μg/mL conditions, the inhibitory rate was up to75%and50%respectively. |
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