| According to the2013China Marine Environment Bulletin show thatapproximately65,000square kilometers waters showed severe eutrophication in thecoastal, algal bloom disaster-prone, marine environmental emergencies increased risk.There were46times red tides the whole sea, a total area of4070square kilometers.As a global ocean tide disaster, it is becoming more serious to aquaculture, marineecology and public health. The current measures to control the algal bloom are notsecure effective control, therefore, to develop a safe and environmentally friendlyalgaecide is still the problem of governance and key to marine ecosystems.Meanwhile, our wetland area are vast, huge reserves of aquatic plants, Arundo donaxas a common aquatic plants in our effective acreage are over200,000hm2, the totaloutput of over10million tons. At present, not only did the biomass harvesting andutilization of proper handling and even cause secondary pollution and waste ofresources, in fact, biomass utilization potential is huge. The technology of biomassconversion pyrolysis concern, its liquid products in the light components (pyrolysisvinegar) is often used as a by-product to collection. In fact biomass vinegar which hashigh biological activity can inhibit the growth of harmful microbes.This article using common wetlands aquatic plant Arundo donax biomass asfeedstock, pyrolysis them at300,400,500,600℃, collected by homemade vinegarcondensing units, compare physical and chemical properties and clear chemicalcomposition of vinegar. It is also studies that the inhibition effect of vinegar ongrowth and athletic ability of Gymnodinium breve, and to further explore themechanism of inhibition of algal cells from oxidative damage point of view, in orderto take advantage of high-value aquatic plants and to provided new idea for red tidegovernance.In our research, a comparative study of four different temperature Arundo donaxpyrolysis vinegar physicochemical properties and by GC-MS analysis of the chemicalcomposition of vinegar. The results showed that over60%water content in eachtemperature vinegar, some differences in chemical composition, and they containmore than30chemicals, of which more than40%acetic acid, followed by higher levels of substances2,6-dimethoxy phenol, furfural, o-methoxyphenol (guaiacol),23-dihydrobenzofuran5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural. Different temperatures vinegarshows different inhibition effect to algal cells,72h semi-effect concentration (EC50)values were0.65,1.09,1.04,1.08ml/L, of which300℃vinegar has best inhibitoryeffect. It is found that vinegar can significantly inhibit algal cells flagella, so the lossof motor function after a period of time to restore partially treated, while sometreatment group cannot be restored athletic ability. Submicroscopic structure TEM(transmission electron microscope) observation of algal cells treated at300℃vinegar found that active molecules penetrate the cell wall, first attached to thephospholipid bilayer, injury cytoplasm after into the cells with increased mobility.Small vacuoles wrapped exogenous substances dissolve large vacuole lead vacuoleincreased significantly larger, and squeeze out other organelles, cytoplasmic matrixdegradation occurs cavity, reducing the number of chloroplasts, crest partialdegradation of the chloroplast, exogenous vinegar active molecules can also enter thenucleus, resulting in damage to nuclear material degradation occurs within the cavity.300℃vinegar algal cells can be induced chlorophyll a content decreased, theaccumulation of intracellular MDA suggested lipid peroxidation occurred. Reactiveoxygen species total (ROS) levels and superoxide anion radicals (O2-,), the content ofhydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH) increases with vinegargradually increasing the concentration In the early reaction. Antioxidant systemsuperoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) generated toscavenging radical stress within a certain range of concentrations remain elevatedtrend. When the abnormal increase in reactive oxygen species exceeds a certainthreshold, the rapid decline in activity of antioxidant enzymes, then the algal cellsdamaged death. In a certain range of concentrations of vinegar can induceGymnodinium breve isolated chloroplast produce ROS, and the role of highconcentrations of vinegar, chloroplast damage, can also lead to mitochondrialdepolarization, which changes consistent with intracellular ROS phase within72hours. Through add electronic inhibitors, ROS production site is studies of vinegar onalgae cells. The results showed that chloroplasts electron transport chain andmitochondrial electron transport chain to be the main site to generate ROS. |
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