The Apllied Reasearch Of Screening Technique Of The Protecting Target For The Macroinvertebrate In The River Basin

This study is a part content of subject “river basin water ecosystem protectionindex screening with the target to determine technology” in the national science andtechnology major projects “river basin water ecological protection goal settingtechnology research”, exploring the species and groups of macroinvertebrate whichshould be protected for river basin, putting forward the technical framework forsetting the protective goal, in order to providing basis for the water quality objectivemanagement and ecological restoration in China.The crisis of water especially fresh water resources in China are more seriously,and the river is the important carrier of fresh water on earth, it is provides animportant service for human society, and it is also one of the ecological systemswhich most easily affected by human activity. The questions we faced are not onlyhow to protect and use the ecological system reasonably and sustainably, but moreimportant are how to restore and reconstruct the degraded ecosystem. Now, themacroinvertebrate is the main research in river aquatic organisms, because themacroinvertebrate has more species, and distributed in different river, its migrationof ability is weak and life cycle is relatively long, and it able to respond to ecologicalcondition changes within the area for a long time. Therefore, we use themacroinvertebrate as the research object will have guiding significance for protectingand managing the river ecosystem.The biological diversity is more important for human survival and thedevelopment of the society, our basic goal to study the biodiversity is to protect andmaintain the biodiversity, develop and utilize the biological resources reasonably. Thepurpose to determine the protection target is to insure the essential condition forrepresenting biodiversity of an area comprehensive and sustainable. In ecologicalresearch, due to the limit of time, funds, and technology, it is always hard to researchall organisms within the study area. Based on the similarity of habitat requirementsbetween some species and other organisms, we often used within a species or a groupas a “surrogate” to study the problems of regional management and ecologicalprotection, including indicator species, umbrella species and flagship species.TaiZi river basin is located in the southeast of Liaoning province in China, it isan important tributary of Liao river. Based on the data of setting the point, collectingand identifying the macroinvertebrate, monitoring the physical and chemical indicators of water, investigating the habitat and land types for TaiZi river, using avariety of statistical analysis software, analyzing the characteristic of themacroinvertebrate communities structure and the spatial distribution pattern,analyzing the main factors of the environmental impact, and calculating the bioticindex, such as the total number of individuals, Margalef’s index, Evenness index,Simpson’s diversity index, Shannon’s diversity index, B-IBI, BMWP, FBI, BI, andthe main environmental impact factors. By calculated the value of the umbrellaspecies, using SPSS Statistics software examine that which is assumed as umbrellaspecies by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, if P <0.05, that is considered as a umbrella specieto protected. When screen the indicator groups, all groups are divided into: Diptera,Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera-Plectoptera-Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera,Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, HC, and Mollusc, testing the congruence between theindicator group and remaining groups and all groups.This article is based on the surveying data in Taizi River Basin with sampling ofmacroinvertebrate communities and the factors of the environment, using a variety ofstatistical analysis software, analyzing the characteristic of the macroinvertebratecommunities structure and the spatial distribution pattern, analysis the main factors ofthe environmental impact; Application of clustering analysis, the weighted averagemethod and multidimensional calibration method, analysis the main environmentalfactors for affecting the large-scale distribution to macroinvertebrate, and using theShannon-Wiener index, Pielou evenness and some related biological index, the mainresults are as follows:（1）The umbrella species in TaiZi River Basin include Ephemeroptera (Epeoruslatifolium, Serratella rufa, Serratella setigera, Ephemerella atagosana), Trichoptera(Cheumatopsyche sp., Hydropsyche orientalis, Hydropsyche nevae), Diptera (Antochasp.). We use canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to research the influence of theenvironmental factors to the umbrella species, it is find that the main environmentalfactors are urban land, NO3-N, sediment concentration, suspended solids (SS).（2）By examining the assemblage similarity between the different indicatorgroups with the remaining groups, and combining the life cycle and ecologicalcharacteristics of the macroinvertebrate, the results is that the Ephemeroptera,Plecoptera, Trichoptera are more suitable for being indicator groups in the study area.Using regression analysis to test the12environmental factors which has weakcorrelation, and indicator groups richness, it is showed that substrate, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen (DO), TN and land use, urban land have more influence toindicator groups, it should be controlled in appropriate range.（3）At the same time, Viviparidae is the kind of macroinvertebrate which isdifferent determine by the living environment of the river. In addition,Cipangopaludina ussuriensis is distributes in Liao River basin, and it belongs to nearthreatensd and even vulnerable species, it should be protected properly.