Extraction And Antioxidation Of Pomegranate Seed Oil

Pomegranate (Punica granatum l.), belonging to Punica，Punicaceae, was originated inIran and its surrounding areas. Since the western Han dynasty， it has been introducedfrom the western regions for more than2000years. Nowadays, the acreage of Pomegranate isincreasing in our country day by day, so is the market demand. It allows researchers tocontinuously strengthen its functional study. The pomegranate seeds, which is most likely tobe discarded and waste, is usually neglected. Pomegranate seeds are rich in nutrients, such aslipids, steroid, phenols, etc., which are with high nutritious value. Therefore, the questionhow to extract pomegranate seed oil from pomegranate seeds and how to analyze thecomposition and function of pomegranate seed oil, comes to be the purpose of this study. Theauthor aims to reduce the waste of resources and extend the pomegranate industry chain.The author studies the main factors influencing the extraction of pomegranate seed oil inthe research which is with three different varieties of pomegranate seeds as the basic rawmaterial.Through the single factor experiment, the author gets some basic elements affectingthe result of experiment; Then, through orthogonalexperiment, the author optimizes theconditions of ultrasonic extraction process of the pomegranate seed oil; After the analysis ofcomposition of the fatty acid of those pomegranate seed oil by GC-MS, the author finallydiscusses the in-vitro antioxidant effect and gets the following conclusions:(1) The results showed the first factor affecting extractor productivity of ultrasonicextraction method from pomegranate seed was extraction temperature. The second one wasextraction time. The third and fourth ones were ultrasonic power and material-solution ratiorespectively. It was concluded that best conditions for the extraction of pomegranate seed oilare as follows: extraction temperature is50℃, the extraction time is60min, ultrasonicpower is80w, and solid-liquid ratio is1:12g mL-1. Under the condition, ultrasonic assistedextraction of pomegranate seed oil ratio can be17.97%.(2) The extraction ofpomegranate seed was investigated by supercritical CO2fluidextraction (SFE-CO2).The results showed that the first factor extraction pressure, the secondfactor was separation pressure. The third and fourth ones were extraction temperature andseparation temperature. The best conditions for the extraction was A2B2C2D2, namely,extraction temperature was40℃, separation pressure was8MPa, extraction pressure was30MPa, and separation temperature was35℃. Under this condition, conclusions showed fromthree groups of experiment were that the extraction of pomegranate seed oil ratio can be18.85%. (3) Ultrasonic assisted extraction is easy to conduct, and it could save energy. Moreover, itis with high application value. And the supercritical CO2fluid extraction (SFE-CO2) can get ahigher ratio of pomegranate seed oil.(4)Gas chromatography-mass spectrum analyzer is used to detect the composition offatty acid of three kinds of pomegranate seed oil,13kinds of fatty acids are found in thosekinds of pomegranate seeds.12kinds of fatty acids except for pentadecane acid are found ingreen husk;11kinds without linoleic acid and22carbonate in Shandong bright redpomegranate seeds;10kinds in Yunnan Sour pomegranate seeds, in which no myristate,pentadecane acid and arachidic acid is found. In these three kinds of pomegranate seed oil, thecontent of unsaturated fatty acid is more than61.00%. Comparing with these three kinds ofpomegranate, the content of unsaturated fatty acid in Yunnan acid pomegranate seed oil is themost, at91.30%,; while that in Shandong red pomegranate seed oil is the lowest, at78.22%.(5)Pomegranate seed oil poses good effect on purifying free radical, And the antioxidantactivities which has close relationship with the concentration of pomegranate seed oilappeared very remarkable. The extract has good scavenging effect on DPPH·, OH· andO2-· under the condition of experiment And the50%inhibiting concentration (IC50) are0.835mg mL-1、0.056mg˙mL-1、0.015mg mL-1. Since pomegranate seed oil has such aadvanced characteristics, it can be used to develop new products.