The Pollution Characteristic And Environmental Safety Assessment Of Atmospheric Particulate Matter At The Area Of A Uranium Tailings

Atmosphere is closely related to human beings,it’s the basic elements for thesurvival of human. The development of industry, resulting in the deterioration of theatmospheric environment, a large number of studies have shown that the suspendedparticulate matter in atmospheric pollutants have a significant impact on human health,the pollution of atmospheric particulate matter has become the focus of human. Thispaper take a uranium tailings area as the research object, and select a water pumproom in the area as the sampling points.take the type of TH-1000C intelligent flowsampler collected atmospheric particulates samples of TSP and PM2.5, which isproducted by wuhan store company,the sampling time is July17~July23,2013andOctober28~November3rd2013. The method of gravimetric, laser fluorescence,plasma emission spectrometry and Tessier analyses were used to analyze the massconcentration, the content of uranium and heavy metal,shape distributioncharacteristics of heavy metals, and the enrichment factor method and other methodswere used to evaluate the particular matter,the results show the following conclusion:（1）The overall characteristic of atmospheric particulates mass concentration ofthe TSP and PM2.5: autumn was higher than the summer in the region.In summer, theaverage concentration of TSP and PM2.5were53.9μg/m3and28.0μg/m3respectively, lower than primary standard in the ambient air quality standard(GB3095-2012).In autumn, average concentration were318.15μg/m3and318.15μg/m3respectively, higher than the secondary standard, the over standard rateof PM2.5was reached100%, fine particle was badly exceeds bid. In summer andautumn, the TSP and PM2.5were showing good correlation, the fine particles PM2.5mainly distributed in the suspended particulate matter, PM2.5was the main pollutants. （2）The pollution of uranium in atmospheric particulates of TSP and PM2.5inautumn was higher than in summer, the average content of uranium in atmosphericparticulate matter of TSP and PM2.5were0.078μg/m3and0.0256μg/m3in summer,in autumn were0.1095μg/m3and0.0768μg/m3.（3）In summer, the concentration order of heavy metal elements in TSP was Cu> Pb> Cd, in PM2.5was Pb> Cu> Cd, in autumn, the concentration order of heavymetal elements in TSP and PM2.5were Pb> Cu> Cd, from view of the change inseason, the concentration order was: autumn> summer.（4）The species distribution of heavy metal elements in TSP and PM2.5wassimilar, but showed different distribute characteristic on season. In summer, thecontent of bioavailable state of Pb, Cd, Cu were more than80%in TSP and PM2.5, inautumn, the content of bioavailable state of Pb, Cd were more than90%, Cu wasabout80%, the heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter had the very highmobility, in summer migration order of heavy metalswas: Cd> Cu> Pb, in autumnwas: Cd> Pb> Cu, and the migration in autumn was more higher than in summer.（5）This study had take the method of enrichment factor, potential ecologicalrisk assessment and biological effectiveness evaluation as the evaluation methods forthe evaluation of environmental harmfulness in particulate matter.The evaluationresults of enrichment factor method showed that the enrichment degree of heavymetal elements in autumn were higher than in summer, the enrichment degree ofheavy metal elements in PM2.5were greater than in TSP; The evaluation results ofPotential ecological risk assessment showed that the heavy metals in atmosphericparticles had the pole-strength potential ecological harm in summer, and had a strongpotential ecological harm in autumn, the potential ecological risk degree of particulatematter in summer was higher than in autumn, in summer, the potential ecological riskdegree in TSP was higher than in PM2.5,in autumn, the potential ecological risk degreein PM2.5was higher than in TSP, the ecological harm degree of Cd was pole-strength;The evaluation results of Biological effectiveness evaluation showed that thebiological effectiveness of Cd in particulate matter was stronger than the Cu and Pb in summer and autumn, the harmful of elements Cd and Pb in PM2.5were greater than inTSP, and the harmful of elements in autumn was higher than in summer.