Service Evaluation And Comparative Analysis Of Caohai, Honghe Wetland Ecosystem

Wetland, forest and sea were called world’s three most important ecosystems. Wetlandecosystem is one of the ecosystems with richest biodiversity and highest ecology function.Wetland ecosystem not only provides a wide range of food, raw materials and water resourcesfor human beings, but also plays an important role in maintaining ecological balances, floodcontrol and surface water regulation, protecting biodiversity and rare species resources and so on.It is an essential natural resource for human’s survival and development. Most of the servicefunctions of wetland are public welfare. Along with the social progress and economicdevelopment, due to lack of intuitive evaluation, service functions of wetland often been ignoredin people’s activities and policy process. That causing unreasonable development andoverexploitation of wetland resources, and it lead to wetland’s structure change and functiondegradation. Finally, the contradiction between protection and utilization of wetland is becomingmore and more prominent. To evaluate the value of wetland ecosystem services is convertingeconomic, ecological and social benefits into economic value which can be measured. It providesa reference basis for the rational utilization and development of wetland, and has an importantsignificance to the management, protection and ecological construction of the wetland ecosystem.Evaluation of the wetland ecosystem service is beneficial for strengthening people’s ecologicalconsciousness, making reasonable development and utilization policy of wetland, promoting thesustainable utilization of the wetland resources.This paper selects Honghe National Nature Reserve wetland of the Sanjiang Plain innortheast China and Guizhou Caohai National Nature Reserve wetland in southwest China asstudy areas. The research bases on theory of Ecological economics and natural resourceeconomics, and combines geographical information technology and remote sensing technology.This thesis quantitatively estimated the wetland ecosystem service value of two study areas by different methods, such as market value method, shadow engineering method, carbon taxapproach, reforestation cost approach and contingent valuation method. It will provide datasupport for Multi-scale transform model of typical wetland ecosystem service evaluation, and itwill lay a foundation of national wetland system quantitative evaluation. The main results of theresearch are as follows:(1) Classification and analysis of the main types of the service function of two study areas.The main service functions of Caohai National Nature Reserve wetland are four categories:provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services, culture services. And each type ofecosystem services can also be further classified, four ecosystem services can be segmented into10types, such as food supply, water supply, raw material supply, flood control and surface waterregulation, water purification, climate regulation, atmospheric constituents regulation, protecting biodiversity,amusement and scientific research. The main service functions of Honghe National Nature Reservewetland are same as Caohai National Nature Reserve wetland, and the four services can besegmented into7types, including raw material supply, flood control and surface water regulation,climate regulation, atmospheric constituents regulation, protecting biodiversity, amusement andscientific research.(2)According to research, Caohai wetland possesses huge and multiple ecological servicesvalue, which is about35531.96×104yuan RMB/year. Caohai wetland has the greatest value inthe function of regulating, is19556.40×104yuan RMB/year, accounting for55.04%of the totalvalue. The provisioning services is8525.82×104yuan RMB/year, accounting for23.99%, Thesupporting services is6265.92×104yuan RMB/year, accounting for17.63%. The cultureservices function has the least value, is1183.814×104yuan RMB/year, accounting for3.33%.The ecological services value of Honghe wetland is46652.62×104yuan RMB/year, thegreatest value is regulating function which is38286.82104yuan RMB/year, accounting for82.07%. The second is culture services function, the value is6135.92104yuan RMB/year,accounting for13.15%. The supporting services is1181.88104yuan RMB/year, accounting for2.53%. The provisioning services is the least, which is1048104yuan RMB/year, accountingfor2.25%.