Study Of Atmospheric Fine Particulates Pollution Characteristics In Shanghai And Its Evaluation System

At present, China’s frequent fog and haze weather was mainly causedby fine particulate matter pollution which has an important impact on theatmospheric visibility, human health and climate, therefore, the fineparticulate matter pollution has become the major pollutants that have anegative impact on air quality in our country. Foreign industrializedcountries have experienced three periods’air pollution whichare dust, sulfurdioxide, and new composite atmospheric pollution during one hundred years’economic development that appear in China’s urban areas during recentyears frequently when our country’s economy grows rapidly. To SO2,NOx,and PM10which characterized by the secondary pollution of traditional coal-burning pollution is coexistence with ozone and fine particulate matterparticles’ air pollution which result in a more serious, more dangerous airpollution situation. The new atmosphere of the existing complex pollutionnot only have a serious impact on the ecosystem, but also cause great harmto public health and life, which haze become a constraint on ecologicalcivilization construction to achieve sustainable economic and socialdevelopment in China and need urgent measures to solve the problem.The government has established more stringent control policies, forexample, the State Council issued the "Air Pollution Prevention ActionPlan" and heavy air pollution areas’ local government have also laid downseries of air pollution control measures which as a positive response to thecontrol of high occurrence of severe haze weather pollution in many partsof our country recently. However, there is little research on the currentcomprehensive prevention and control of atmospheric pollution evaluation system, especially reasonably accurate assessment of the situation of airpollution, and air pollution control measures for the entire evaluation alsohas little progress. Shanghai PM2.5and ozone control measures evaluationsystem and the Shanghai city center dust management quantitativeevaluation index system have been constructed in our study whichconsidering Shanghai airborne fine particulate matter pollution sources andstatus, combined with the security needs of atmospheric environmentalgovernance, combined with the atmosphere of the Shanghai Environmentand based on the " Pressure-Status-Response "(PSR) safety model jointlydeveloped by United Nations Environment Programme and the developmentof economic cooperation summer (OECD) organisations. The main researchcontents and results are as follows:(1) Water-soluble component content of PM2.5has significant changein haze weather, the major water-soluble cationic concentration increases,the first aerosol Na+, Ca2+and Mg2+concentration are significantly higherthan non-haze days, especially Na+and Mg2+, mass concentration changessignificantly, we concluded that Na+, Ca2+and Mg2+are major pollution hazecation. Atmospheric PM2.5in Shanghai in November and the main watersoluble cationic atmospheric monitoring pollutants correlation analysisshowed that, NOX, NO and CO, SO2and NO2, Na+and CO, Mg2+and CO,NOXhave significant positive correlation. Haze dynamic process analysisshowed that, the concentration of water-soluble cationic large changes in thehaze and non-haze, five kinds of water-soluble cationic componentaccounted for about20%PM2.5total mass concentration.(2)Based on PSR model and on the combination of Shanghai’sexperience measures of atmospheric environmental protection work overyears, and atmospheric environmental protection measures issued by theState "Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act","Ambient Air QualityStandard","ambient air quality evaluation of technical specifications" and"Shanghai Clean Air Action Plan (2013-2017)" which issued latest，we haveconstructed an evaluation system of Shanghai PM2.5and ozone control measures. In this evaluation system indicators, including three two-levelindicators and12indicators. Index weights based on expert assessment andDelphi AHP hierarchy, refer to the Shanghai air pollution control measuresand targets identified.(3)According to the pressure-state-response model and the principle ofindex selection and reference of the dust pollution prevention and controlmeasures for the administration of Shanghai and atmospheric environmentsafety evaluation index system of classification, combining with thecharacteristics of Shanghai central urban area atmospheric environment,considering the dust state, of focus on cases, standard dust managementmeasures in three aspects, we have established a central dust managementevaluation system. According to the preliminary established evaluationindex system of Shanghai central city dust management, management ofShanghai central city dust pollution index was81.2. According to thegrading standard, city center belongs to a relative safe state (Ⅳ).