Characteristics Of Pops In Indoor Dust And PM_2.5 And Health Risk Assessment In Shanghai

Persistent organic pollutants?POPs?are semivolatile,hard to degrade,highly bioavailable,and can be bioaccumulated and biomagnified via food chains.These toxicological chemicals can cause serious impact on ecosystem and human health,becoming highlights of environmental research in recent decades.As humans in modern society spend over 80%of their times indoor,indoor environmental quality is closely associated with human health.This study was aimed to determine the concentrations and profiles of POPs in dust of occupational settings,assessing employees'exposure to these contaminants via dust ingestion,and to investigate the concentrations of POPs in indoor PM_2.5 and their association with pediatric asthma.The present study analyzed the occurrence of OCPs,PCBs and PBDEs in indoor dust collected from various workplaces in Shanghai.In total,the OCPs concentrations in dust from workplaces were at a low level,mainly resulted from historical pollution.The PCBs levels in workplace dust were higher than that reported in other studies,especially in shopping mall and electric store,and the PCBs concentrations of urban workplaces were higher than that in suburban areas,indicating the widespread use of PCBs commercial products in areas with high population density.Overall,the PBDEs concentrations were comparable to that in house dust,but higher than outdoor.The high levels of PBDEs in shopping mall and classrooms should be attributed to the extensive use and presence of electrical equipments and decorative materials in indoor environment.Daily human intake of typical POPs via workplace dust were calculated.The occupational exposure of OCPs was highest in college dormitories.For PCBs and PBDEs,the highest exposure levels were both found in the shopping mall.The toxicity assessment of DL-PCBs showed high toxicity in dust from workplaces in Shanghai.Four typical classes of POPs?OCPs,PCBs,PBDEs and PAHs?were determined in PM_2.5.5 samples collected from the homes asthma case children and healthy controls in Shanghai.In sum,POPs are widespread in indoor PM_2.5.The mean concentration of?OCPs was 1016.4 pg/m³ in all samples.HCHs and DDTs were the dominant components.The mean concentration of?PCBs was 72.7 pg/m³ in all samples,and the sum of congeners PCB-82,-99,-8,and-49 contributed to the majority of the totoal contents of PCBs.The mean concentration of?PBDEs was 32.2pg/m³ in allsamples,and BDE-209 was the predominant congener.The mean concentration of?PAHs was 52.3 ng/m³,in which 7 carcinogenic PAH congeners contributed to over fifty percent of the total PAHs.The concentrations of?PBDEs and?PAHs in indoor PM_2.5 of asthma case group were significantly higher than those in control group.Our data indicates that the indoor PM_2.5.5 contains some common POPs which might be associated with the the risk of pediatric asthma,but the results did not show definitive conclusions.