| Cities are places of human habitation and activities focused, human activities onthe environment of the most concentrated, most intense, most frequent, andtherefore the prominent environmental problems are most serious. The rise of modernindustry and the rapid development of cities, improve productivity and laborproductivity that enhance the use of natural and human capacity to transformnature.Human drastically changed the structure of the natural environment, changingthe material recycling and energy conversion function, although the expansion ofhuman living space, improve the people’s material living conditions, but also broughta complex urban environmental issues.The industrial production and consumptionprocesses discharge the "three wastes" substances, toxic and hazardous substances, isthat human and biological evolution in the long process have never encounteredbefore. Pesticide contamination has spread all over the world, with the developmentof the city, acid rain and photochemical smog appear more and more, these haveproduced many adverse consequences, and caused widespread concern. Urbanecological environment and urban development almost simultaneously generated.Urban environmental problems in developed countries in general and itscorresponding handicrafts, modern industrial revolution and modern productionphase synchronization. With the development of urbanization and modernization, cityas a moving object, it’s activities frequency and activities capacity are increasing withtime, the social function of the city is growing. The impact of urban activities on theecological environment in strengthening, so there has been a series of urbanenvironmental problems.City’s powerful economic vitality, rich material and cultural conditions andemployment opportunities for the rural population has a strong appeal. Since the20thcentury, the rapid growth of the urban population. Although urbanization in Chinastarted late, but the urban population growth rate is very alarming. Urban populationgrowth has brought a series of socio-economic and environmental problems, conflictsbetween man and environment is increasingly acute. Currently the world are facedwith the problem of the impact of urban population growth, especially in developingcountries. Urban population centers, industrial and commercial focus, traffic congestion, traffic jams, accidents frequently. Development of the city, so the citywas often spreading to the surrounding anarchy, resulting mix of urban functions,building dense, lack of open space, sunlight, green space, fresh air, so that theenvironment becomes worse. Urban population density, high-density artificialfacilities, roads clouds, the large-scale and hard strength of energy flow and logistics.In order to produce, a lot of countries often makes the adjacent industrial zone or citylinked into sheets, forming a " big industrial zone." As the city is in a high-densityand overload state, so city air, water, land, space, and all the basic engineeringfacilities are under the burden of overloaded, causing a series of environmentalproblems and creating a vicious cycle. Urban water concentration, volume and fastgrowth, so the water shortages are serious. A large number of industrial wastewaterand municipal sewage discharged into the river, made the deterioration of waterquality and affect water fish to survive. Water pollution due to reduction or loss of usevalue, more shortage of water resources.Developing countries have large populationand grow fast,accelerated development of urbanization,resulting in a highconcentration of people in cities,the demand for food,housing roads,transportation,entertainment and education surge,consume a lot of resources and energy, and a weakeconomic foundation, backward technology, urban ecological environment is aserious problem.May12,2008, the occurrence of the earthquake in Shifang City, SichuanProvince, causing serious damage. Shifang City in the Longmen Shan fault zone,badly damaged, was included in one of the ten hardest hit country. Resulting in alarge area of the mountain range Shifang collapses, landslides and mudslides andcorrespondingly formed lake, animal habitats, rare animals and plants, nativevegetation and wildlife habitat were severely affected, changes in ecosystem structureand ecological system function is compromised. With the reconstruction work carriedout in recent years, the environmental quality of urban ecological Shifang been someimprovement, but for long-term sustainable development is concerned, a reasonablequality assessment of urban ecological environment is necessary. In this paper, Shifang City is evaluated from the social, economic and naturalthree aspects of the ecological environment quality evaluation in Shifang city,combined with the city’s development and the status of the availability of thenecessary data, in the period2007-2012, the changes in the quality of the Shifang cityenvironment for analysis and evaluation. According to the characteristics of theecological environment in Shifang City, found the establishment of urban ecologicalenvironment quality evaluation system, including social indicators, economicindicators, natural indicators three major factors, and select some representative anddata can be obtained indicators, such as the natural growth rate of population, thelevel of urbanization, per capita public green area, the urban registeredunemployment rate in population, per capita housing area, life garbage treatment rateof per capita GDP, GDP growth. Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the indexweight, to analysis the status of the Shifang’s ecological environment, so as to furtherthe quality of urban ecological environment comprehensive evaluation. The resultswere as follows:During2007-2012, Shifang city ecological environment quality comprehensivecapabilities generally showed a steady increasing trend, except for2008affected bythe earthquake, resulting in a certain degree of volatility. Ecological environmentalquality comprehensive index from0.337in2007to0.412in2012, the overall level isstill low, but the development speed is relatively stable. Judging from the indexclassification, ecological environment Shifang City by2007the four standards toenhance the development of the three criteria in2012, the overall level of still low,but gradually improving urban ecological environment, social, economic and naturalto maintain a certain the sustainability.In the overall environmental development Shifang City, the community’s overalldevelopment environment is relatively stable, there are slight fluctuations during theperiod from2009to2011, but the rapid development in2012. Population growth hasbeen effectively controlled, the gradual improvement of social infrastructure,significantly reduce unemployment, pollution control achieved some success. Slowdevelopment of the overall economic environment, a significant decline in2008dueto the earthquake, but as the post-disaster reconstruction, the rapid adjustment ofindustrial structure, the economic indicators in2009had restored even beyondpre-earthquake levels. It was not until2012, the year of steady development, andactively promote economic reform, industrial restructuring, people’s living standardsgreatly improved, but the overall level is still low. Relatively more rapid development of the natural environment, in2008due to the earthquake, the natural environmenthas been severely damaged, mountain was damaged extremely serious, ecosystemstructure changes, but because of reconstruction work to actively promote the naturalenvironment of the rapid development of ecological restoration,2010alreadyexceeded pre-earthquake levels. It was not until2012, a substantial increase in thepace of development, especially the development of green building is very quickly,to improve the urban environment. |
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