Study On Income Gap Between The Urban And Rural Areas In China

Since China's reform and opening up, China's economy has made remarkable performance, and the people's living standard is increasing gradually, but at the same time, the distribution of income is in status of imbalance, especially, the serious problem has been impossible to avoid in the process of economic development that the urban-rural income gap expand continually. The oversized urban-rural income gap has a very harmful effect on China's reforming the economic system which is smoothly moving along, harmful on the further economic development and will also have an serious adverse effect on social stability. As a result, all of that we made, deeply study on present status of China's urban-rural income gap, analysis on the reason that the oversized urban-rural income gap emerge, and relative policy recommendations, contain important significance to the formulation and implementation of government policy, healthy development of the national economy and construction of harmonious society. Based on this kind of background, this thesis reviews lots of relative literature home and abroad, based on Marx's theories of income distribution, dual economic theory, Kuznets inverted U-type theory, analyze the cause for the emergence of urban-rural income gap, uses the relative data material to measure the history curve of gap changed and trend, and analyze influencing factors of income gap fluctuation, to propose policy ideas.The thesis contains five parts, this includes, the first part: the background and theoretical significance of the study on the urban-rural income gap, and relative research home and abroad, these are the base of study. The second part: the relative theories of urban-rural income gap. It include Marx's theories of income distribution; dual economic theory, including Lewis's dual economic model, Ranis-Fei model, Jorgenson model and Harris-Todaro model. Kuznets inverted U-type theory about the variation trend of residential income distribution. It's theoretical base. According to Marx's income distribution theory, the present income distribution situation that distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of modes of distribution coexist cause emerge income gap. The Kuznets inverted U-type theory describe the possible variation trend of income gap in economic development of developing country. The Lewis's dual economic model proposes through labor transfer in different production department, the income gap between urban and rural could be decreased. The third part: It's the present and influence of China's urban-rural income gap. The up and down history variation of urban-rural income gap reflect China's reforming policy of economic system in different period, but the general trend of income gap is still increasing. The influence of urban-rural income gap contains repressing the consuming level, descending the driving effect of investment on economic growth, aggravating the imbalance of industrial and agricultural development; especially have a negative impact on agricultural production. The income gap too large is not conducive to social stability. The fourth part: Analysis of the impact of various factors affecting the income gap between urban and rural areas, including taxation, finance, social security and other economic system; Dual economic structure, economic growth, urbanization and education and human capital, economic structure and economic growth and other factors; In this thesis, the data about three decades since reform and opening up be used to make a quantitative empirical analysis by various factors. Certifying the most important factor is still dual economic structure which exists for many years caused by history and economic development conditions. Raising the level of urbanization and education investment does have a positive effect on improving rural-urban income gap. The fifth part: According to the corresponding empirical results, propose corresponding policy recommendations which include speeding up the transforming dual economic system, accelerating the urbanization process, speeding up the tax system reformation, optimizing the structure of fiscal expenditure in agriculture, promoting rural financial development.