| "Decisions in Establishing Urban Basic Medical Insurance System", which was promulgated by the State Council in December 1998, regulated retirees and their former employers do not pay any premium, retirees continue to enjoy basic medical insurance benefits. This means that the insured will have the same benefits after his retirement regardless of the length of contribution years, which resulted in unfairness between the insured and impact on the fund balance. Based on this background, the "Basic Medical Insurance System for Urban Workers (BMI hereafter)" introduced the policy of minimum payment years. The policy of minimum payment years has been used in the practice of social insurance. However, the theoretical support and scientific basis of calculations are not enough.From the perspective of sociology and economics, this study focus on the the fairness and mutual nature of social insurance, the rights and obligations of insured. Through re-understanding our current financing mode of BMI, the study provides a more complete argument for the rationality and necessity of the minimum payment years policy. On that base, the study establishes the actuarial model to estimate the appropriate minimum payment years of BMI. Two intermediate variables are introduced in the model, which are "years of one should pay "and "years of one could pay". With the analysis and assumptions of relevant factors, the study calculated the minimum payment years of S City as an illustrative example. The results are 22 years for men and 20 years for women.Based on the method of calculating the minimum payment years, the study discussed how to get the payment years of early retirees and flexible employees, and gave some suggestions to promote the basic medical insurance System, such as improving the relevant policies of the minimum payment years, make the responsibility of the government, employers and individuals clear, integration of the medical insurance system, promoting fairness among all groups. |
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