| As the main body of finance and the market base of finance controlling, the commercial banks affect economy greatly. Since 1980s, the commercial banks in our state developed fast, state-owned commerical banks restructured, at the same time the joint-stock commerical banks also developed fast and becoming the important favorable supplement for the commercial banks in our state. Recently, the asset quality of the commercial banks in our state has improved highly, but compared to the banks in developed country, there is great gap between them in asset allocative efficiency, profitability and so on. After taken part in WTO, as our government carries out the promises in finance, the financial market in our state threw open ulteriorly. More foreign banks have raced to control China market, horizontal competition is intense, the commercial banks in our state will face great challenges. To adapt to the development trend of international commercial banks, to strengthen and consummate the performance evaluation system of the commercial banks, which was paid much attention by academic world and practice world. Upon the discuss on the performance of the banks which is one of the most important financial fields, which will help to construct scientific theoretical system of the commercial banks in China, to enrich and consummate the performance theory of the banks, also help to advance and widen the research field of the bank-theory and to provide theory basis for the sustainable development of the banks in China. At the same time, improving the efficiency of the commercial banks can optimize the allocation of resources, also as the key factor of keeping the finance stabilizes, which was the important condition for the open of finance market and as the base of defending a self-interest for the the commercial banks in our state under open condition.After 16 centuries, the work of the performance evaluation started real development. As the appearing of modern company system, the separation of proprietary right and the power of operation, so it makes the owner needs to use certain methods to evaluate the managing efficiencies of the operators. The work of the performance evaluation is perfected with managing development of theory but step by step. The performance evaluation of the enterprises experienced three developing a stage: cost performance evaluation stage, financial affairs performance evaluation stage and the innovative stage of performance evaluation index for the enterprises.The performance evaluation of banks is the method wielding certain estimating, to estimate and evaluate the realization degree of their managing objective. Max points out when analysing the process that credit economy develops step by step: mutuality between the producer and the businessman pays the real basis being credit in advance, the circulating implement created by this pays in advance is the basis that credit currency produces; considering for the form's organization and concentration of the banks, it is the most exquisite and developed mode of capitalist production outcome. If there is not the appearance of the bank system, if there is not the concentration of credit, it cannot cause the revolution of the conditions for production and exchanges and the modernized big industry also can not exist .Bank efficiency studies already carrying out many years on the international, the analysis method using demonstration as far as methodology be concerned, mainly. As far as the analysis technology relating that to be concerned, have 3 kinds mainly: the first kind is the single element index analysis; the second is that the analysis method making use of forward position efficiency carries out an admeasurement on bank efficiency and carries out comparatively analytical valuation on to determining result from input and output; the third one is the metric analysis methord, use one set of variables those may have effects on the difference of efficiency to carry out return or relevance analysis. Three kinds of methods have advantages and disadvantages respectively, their fundamental thought is different, when apply to bank efficiency studies, the chosen angles are also different respectively, that is the main cause of diversifying characteristic of the results of the bank effiency studies at present.The starting of abroad's document about bank efficiency is earlier, and accumulate much. The visual angle research from scale economy and range economy to forward position studies, to get more information about government policy and the managing inside of banks. Going deep into that problem studies with bank efficiency, a few scholars have made the active exploration, have led into the comparatively complicated analysis technology in the field of research method. As far as demonstration studies, a great quantity studies show that the banks are not complete effective, and get the quantization of the gap degree. But do not provide the notable degree of efficiency difference, do not ascertain these concrete difference causes and do not give an explanation for their existence; when our country scholar studies in being in progress to our country bank efficiency, initial mainly adopt single element index analysis law or qualitative analysis law (Wang Guang Qian ,1997; Huang Xian , 2000), the limitation having arrived at above-mentioned method because of the cognition afterwards, many scholars turn to use the forward position technology to study the efficiency of the banks (Wei Huang, Wang Li, 2000; Zhao Xu, 2001; Zhang Jian Hua, 2003).But, there are not much studies about the influencing factors for the bank efficiency which use return and relative analysis technology.As nonparametric frontier method, DEA was brought forward initially by Charnes, Cooper, Rhodes(CCR) in 1978, to evaluate the efficiencies of the public sectors and non-profitable institutions. Recently DEA method has been applied to evaluate the performance of the commercial banks widely. Company's efficiency is composed of two parts: technology efficiency(the ability reflects to maximize the outputs given certain inputs), scale efficiency(the ability reflects to ascertain the quantity of the inputs in optimal given the prices of the inputs). Combining those two methods, we get the analysis method for the total efficiency.To analyse the commercial bank efficiency influencing factor, find space and direction that every commercial bank efficiency lifting, we apply panel data method to get metric results of the influencing factors for the commercial banks'technology efficiency, cost efficiency and asset allocation efficiency. Then we can ascertain the influencing factors which have notable counting.In this paper, we use DEA model to measure commercial banks, technical efficiency, cost efficiency and allocative efficiency. Then, we use Malmquist model to describe the dynamic change of the efficiencies, we also measure the scale efficiency of the commercial banks. At last, we use fixed effects, variational intercept model of panel data to analyze the factors affecting the DEA model results of the technical efficiency, cost efficiency and allocative efficiency. We find that 1)the efficiency of joint-stock commerical bank is superior to the efficiency of state-owned commerical bank. As a whole, the cost efficiency of the commercial banks present descent trend first and then ascending, the year of 1999 is the turning point. 2) the total factor productivity of commerial banks present descent trend 3)in the past two years, three joint-stock commerical banks are scale return increase, so we forecast that this trend will be more significant in the future. 4) the factors that infulent banks'technical efficiency, cost efficiency and allocative efficiency are interdependant. |
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