| Landscape spatial pattern is one of the central study fields in landscape ecology and in global change studies. The formation and variation of landscape pattern are the composite reflect of the area ecological environment quality, which are the results of multi factor interaction of nature and man-made. And category, shape, quantity, area and spatial combination of landscape patch are the results of different disturbing factors, which in turn, affect the ecological processes of regions. Therefore, to study the certain landscape patterns provides an effective method for understanding the status of landscape ecology and its spatial variability. That will help serving regional sustainable development by revising human-self's actions optimizing resource allocation, improving the ecological environment.This paper firstly built the spatial databases of Hekou and Qixia, and regarding land use types as patch types, plotted the landscape types and landscape type map of study areas in different periods. Based on it, the spatial information of landscape pattern was gained well and truly. Then, with the help of landscape pattern analysis software of FRAGSTATS (Version 3.3), the dynamic changes of landscape structures and spatial pattern were analyzed. And, using the spatial analysis function of GIS and landscape type transformation matrix, the mutative course of different landscape types was summarized. Terrain is one of main factors on mountain landscape. After building the digital elevation model (DEM) of Qixia and deriving slope, the paper made an analysis of the traits of terrain distribution of land use and landscape pattern by overlapping the landscape type map with DEM or slope map Respectively. Finally, the paper researched the ecological sub-area regulation with different approaches at county level. The paper studied the results as follows:(1)The variation of landscape of land-use between the years of 2002 and 2005 was not distinct; dry farmland, reservoirs and ponds, reed bed, shoal account for the predominate landscape types; the number of total patches had little increase, and the area of dry farmland increased evidently; the fragmentations of dry farmland, independent mining plot, reservoir and pond, etc were very large and had a trend to increase; the landscape diversity index and landscape evenness index lowered gently, and the trend of landscape dominance index was reverse with landscape diversity index. The landscape fragmentation index was increased.(2)The dynamic changes of landscape structure between 1987 and 2003 in Qixia had several traits. The area of farmland decreased sharply, and it mainly converted to orchard, woodland and grassland; the area of orchard, grassland, and urban construction land increased greatly.(3) The traits of terrain distribution of landscape pattern in Qixia included two sides. One was vertical changes: During 1987 to 2003, the areas of farmland and unused land of every grade of height above sea level decreased with a great range, conversely the area of orchard and construction land had the dissimilar increase; the change of area of woodland was different at different altitude. The other was dynamic changed at slope side. Urban construction land and orchard had the same changing trend, showing great increase at every grade of slope, farm land and unused land was quite different, they show decrease at every grade of slope, which was similar to the elevation of slopes; the area of woodland show increase above 8°, and conversed below 8°; Grassland area increased at every grade of slope, except the slopes of 25-90°.(4)After analyzing the landscape pattern in 1987 and 2003 of Qixia City, the conclusion was drawn: the number of patch increased from 11470 to 52047, the percentage of farm land area reduced from 50.93 to 26.70, meanwhile, orchard showed great increase, and woodland also increased to some extent; the shapes of patches were more and more complicated.(5)27 indicators were selected form environmental, social, economical, three aspects to establish indicator system of each area, combining PCA ( principal component analysis) and cluster analysis approach, based on local traits and the terrain and brief, dividing Hekou District into 4 eco-economic zones.(6) By spatial and quantificational simulating the factors and spatial overlapping, the paper evaluated the ecological suitability and sensitivity of Qixia at county level. And, combining the method of landscape pattern optimization, the whole region of Qixia was divided into four zonings: optimizing development areas, key development areas, limit development areas, and prohibit development areas.(7)By analyzed the landscape pattern of different two county, we can know the spatial distribution of every landscape types, and based on the characteristic of each sub-area, the measures were brought forward.This paper took county level as study scale, which is different from conventional method that at watershed level. Based on landscape ecology theory, utilizing GIS (geographical information system), RS (remote sensing), spatial analysis technology, and else technologies, this paper discussed the landscape pattern of Hekou Distract and Qixia City, then further ecological optimizations were made to offer scientific methods and approaches for the sustainable development and resources of areas of different patterns, and make the results applicable and practical. |
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