| Urban migrate workers are a new type of labor force in China with the Chinese reformation, industrialization and urbanization. In the decades, they are becoming indispensable colony in the urban life and many basic construction, manufacturing and service in cities are finished by them. Although they have made great construction for urban economic development, they are discriminated and can not enjoy fair employment and welfare, like urban work force, due to different reasons like social system and market condition. Under different types of employment discrimination, urban migrate workers have been living in lowest living standards. The 16th CCP congress reports indicated that the employment is the base of the people's livelihood. The employment of urban migrate workers is a basic problem closely related to persistent social and economic development and social safety. We can not and have no way to blench this issue. In recent years, out party and government have taken great regards on employment discrimination of urban migrant workers and made some policy to insure their rights and interests and improve their employment conditions. In reality, this issue is still severe though. What is the reason of employment discrimination of urban migrant workers and what is the economic effect caused by this? The writer will answer these problems in this dissertation.The main writing process is as follow: first of all, many western labor market and employment discrimination theories are gathered. Based on these theories, the Chinese employment discrimination of urban migrate workers is analyzed and explored combined with Chinese reality. And the relevant economic model is used to analyze the economic cost of this discrimination. Finally its social and personal jeopardize is indicated. At the same time, some suggestions are recommended based on the revolutions in western countries.This dissertation is divided into four chapters, and explore the problems in four sections: the theory of western labor market and employment discrimination, the phenomenon and cost analysis of employment discrimination of Chinese urban migrate workers, the economic cost analysis of urban migrate workers, the strategy and revolution of this problem.The first chapter is about the collection and analysis of employment discrimination theories in western labor market. Western economic research deems discrimination as a hot topic in the long run. Becker , as the earliest ancestor to research discrimination by economic analytical methods, explain the economic effects by using economic model. Other researchers modify and expand this discrimination model. In all, western researchers divide discrimination into competitive market discrimination, statistical discrimination, noncompetitive discrimination and pre-labor market discrimination according to different discrimination resources. The competitive market discrimination deems the resource of the discrimination as personal prejudice, and explore the employers, customers and employee discrimination. The statistical discrimination indicates that employers may generate discrimination due to the way of information collection and cost though they do not have prejudice. The noncompetitive discrimination theories consider the reason as the monopolization of employer, and discuss dual labor market discrimination, crowd discrimination and search cost discrimination. The final theory is labor capital invest discrimination before labor force enter. The employment discrimination in western labor market can be referenced to explore this issue in China.The second chapter analyzes the phenomenon and reasons of employment discrimination of urban migrant workers in our country. Therefore, this chapter is divided into two parts: the first one is about the analysis of discrimination phenomenon and the other one is about the analysis of discrimination reasons. In reality, urban migrate workers are discriminated on employment opportunity, employment deal and employment guarantee, such as the restriction on certain industry, long working time, low salary level, salary skimp, outstanding payment, out of insurance, like endowment, medical, injury and unemployment insurance. Then why urban migrate workers are discriminated in engagement? In this dissertation, writer mainly uses dual labor market division theory, personal prejudice theory, statistical discrimination theory, pre-labor market employment discrimination to analyze it from different perspectives, like market, government, employers and urban migrate workers and indicate that the ultimate reason is social system—the urban-rural segmentation structure based on census register system.The third chapter is about economic analysis to discrimination cost of urban migrate workers. The writer analyze the discrimination cost through two perspectives: personal and social sides and get the following results: 1. Employment discrimination decrease the payment of urban migrate workers. 2. Employment discrimination causes employers increasing cost and decreasing profit. 3. The governmental discrimination policy increases the urban employment in an extent but at the expense of decreasing whole employment. 4. Employment discrimination also causes decreasing social welfare and social output. In conclusion, the employment discrimination of urban migrate workers cause low efficient resource deployment, social welfare loss, outside uneconomic and social unfair and unsteady.The fourth chapter indicates the political suggestions on this issue. From the governmental perspective, the reform of census register system should be fastened . The census register system has played an important role on population registration and social stability. However, it has been proved to be not appropriate to modern society and must be changed. Secondly, the employment system relevant to census register system can not supply a fair employment environment for public, so a fair and reasonable employment system must be built and improved in order to build a unite, open and efficient labor market. Furthermore, the social ensure system for urban migrate workers must be built, involving endowment, medical, injury and unemployment insurance and special bring-up insurance for women. At the same time, the government should strengthen the career training for urban migrate workers to increase their human capital. Finally, the organizations and laws originated from anti-employment discrimination are also needed. From urban migrate workers'perspectives, they need learn more knowledge about laws to protect their rights and interests. Also they need improve their working skills and knowledge to secure their working position.The main innovations of this dissertation are as follows:1. innovative perspectiveThere are many Chinese research on urban migrate workers currently, and many researchers have noticed their employment opportunities, employment treatment and ensurance . From employment perspective, writer integrates these problems with discrimination analysis and explains with western employment discrimination theories. Furthermore, the various of reasons for employment discrimination of urban migrant workers are explored in this dissertation comprehensively. Currently, Chinese system research on employment discrimination of urban migrate workers is scarce. Therefore, the perspective of this dissertation is innovative.2. This dissertation has made a comprehensive analysis to economic cost of employment discrimination from personal and social perspectives. For the economic cost of employment discrimination, current Chinese researchers have not been detailed analyzed. In this dissertation, writer analyzed it from personal and social perspectives. On personal cost side, this dissertation explores the economic cost from different types of discrimination.In this dissertation, writer has made demonstration and criterion analysis on employment discrimination of urban migrant workers. However, writer can not make empirical analysis on the extent of discrimination due to lack of data. This is also a great pity in this dissertation. Additionally, there are some deficiency because of writer's knowledge scarcity and time limit. The writer also hope that the supervisor could criticize and revise this dissertation in order to further improve this research . |
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