Research On Separation Of The Two Rights Of Scenic Spots' Ownership And Management And Its Development Models

Since reform and opening up, China's tourism industry is being developing rapidly .As one of the fundamental elements of tourism activities, scenic Spots is the basis for the development of tourism, so another saying is that success or failure in the development of scenic spots will be the key to the growing of regional tourism industry. In recent years, as the fact of lacks of funding, many scenic areas is unable to develop and protect scenic resources so that scenic Spots are usually operated by the business' model of separation rights of ownership and management, and which becomes a new attempt for a number of local governments or enterprises to actively protect and develop the resource of scenic spots. Strongly attracted by huge benefits, many enterprises join the management ranks by the identity of commissioned or paid to transfer, in those which success a lot and vice versa. Whether do such acts cause destruction of scenic spots resources? Whether or not is it benefit for local development? So far, there is almost no clear legal definition of the legitimacy of these acts. How to develop, operate and protect scenic spots and how to balance the interests of the relevant stakeholders and what's more will become a focus of consideration.In this paper, relevant policies and the existing laws problems in separation of the two rights between ownership and management and by which problems may be triggered and in what the practical significance and major business model are like are studied, then from the perspective of enterprises, the risks and the drivers in business investment in scenic Spots are also analyzed. Here measurements in investment proposed are: seize the opportunity to avoid risks and enhance core competitiveness. And then a case study of historical and cultural city of Lang Zhong processes by collating and collection the material of scenic spots in this ancient city before the right to operate being transferred and the current situation in the way of commissioned management of the wholly state-owned enterprises to the develop and operate, the survey of tourism development in the city and participation of community residents and so on. The method of condition value method (CVM) is used to to assess non-use value of tourism resources in the ancient city of Langzhong. The results show that local residents' willingness to pay (WTP)is relatively lower and WTP is influenced by the places of residence, education level, and many other factors. Meanwhile residents' perception to the environment, economic, social and cultural impact in the development of tourism is also described, lastly side analyze what is the separation of two rights' role in enterprises management and development of tourism scenic spots and impact of community residents .It is suggested that local governments and tourism companies should take appropriate measures and plans to guide the residents according to their different recommendations position. The polices proposed for scenic spot development in the model of enterprises management are: focusing on resource protection, professional managers responsible for the company's daily operation and establishment of appropriate incentive mechanisms and staff to participate, improving the quality of employees, and to encourage community residents harmoniously to participation in tourism development .Lastly the research results in this paper are: an important reference value for sustainable development of tourism in the ancient city of Langzhong and a reference and guidance for the separation management of two rights in China's scenic spots development and for business model's decision.