A Study On Rural Land Institution Historical Change In China

Agriculture is the foundation of nation economic,land peropertiy right institution is the key of agriculture economic growth.Under the circumstance of issues concerning agriculture, countryside, and farmers attracting more and more public attention, the author systematically analyzes and discusses the history, the reality and the future of rural land policies in China from the view of its innovation, striving to offer novel ideas to tackle issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers effectively.This paper takes rural land institution as an object of study,takes property rights relationship and management relationship of rural land as a main clue,uses the theory of new institutional economics,adopts the method of combining quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis,reviews systematically the developing process of rural land institution in China,especially since 1978.analyses the innovative mechanism institutive achievement and being faced with difficult position and gauntlet of the present rural land institution in China and defines the objective and following principles of rural land institution innovation proceeding from the actual conditions of our country,on the basis of these,constructs the innovative models by stages of rural land property rights institution and management institution.Tracing back the institution of china land property right, the inner relationship existsbetween the state of the original resources endowment of country and the initial selectionof institution,which formulated in the beginning.While as long as the initial institution isformulated, the character of remuneration increment which produced by the influence,reliance and fortify of each element of the system in the evolution of institution will act on the late evolution of institution, and make it operate along the established trace. Even some fortuitous events pounded the trace of evolution, owning to the inner logical connection of each link of institution and the character of remuneration increment in the system of institution evolution, even some link of evolution is suspended, the other link will renovateit with relationship of the trace reliance. And make the system of institution run along the model and direction, which confined by initial resources of endowment.The important role of the initial selection is explained.The Great Reform in China was began at the rural land institution change,because of the special initial resources endowment for agriculture in china which lead to the increment of population speedily. The active conflicts between the land using and land culture decide that the intensive cultivation based on the conduction of culturing land finely should be a better technical selection for china farmer to tackle the problem. The long-term right of usage and incoming of land owned by farmer must be guaranteed, if government wants to popularize the technique of intensive cultivation. The result of evolution produced by the action between the institution of land property right and the institution of technique promote the economic increment, But also cause population rising up. The action of the technique of intensive cultivation and the protection of the right of usage and income of land owned by farmer attainments the system of economic and institution of china to be a small-scale of peasant economy. Under this type of the system, the rational selection of reproduction for farmer is to bear much more children. The more children to be labored, the much intense of the ratio between land and population will happen. So the reciprocal driving cycle among the proportion of population to farmland area, farming technique, and land property right led to the path dependency.This paper also study the possibility of"land utilization benefit institution"in the end.