On The Paid Use And Compensation Mechanism For Natural Resources In Western Areas

The natural resources is the basic condition for society, and the exploitation and utilization of the natural resources is the base of human society existence and development, which can promote the economic development. At the same time, it also causes serious problems. For example, if people haven't made rational use of natural resources, natural resources had been wasteful used and environment also had been damaged. On the contrary, the problems had become a limiting factor of social and economic for local areas.In the past, there were no any planning policies on the property flow of natural resources in Western China, and the owner could intend to exploit natural resources who wanted to do with extra profits, so that the prices system was distorted, which local natural resources became priceless, the price of raw materials was lower and the price of the products are high. In the end, it caused serious eco-environmental damage, such as natural resources began to deplete. Because Western China is rich in natural resources, it has become a very important place which contributes the majority of natural resources to other areas in China. Thus, there have been existed the unfair phenomena, which Western China always contributed cheap natural resources and bore the serious results of natural resources and eco-environmental destruction. With the Promotion of Great Western Development strategy, it is urgent currently to set up and improve relevant policies to ensure that resources and the environment can be exploited properly and in a sustainable manner to reach the ultimate goal of coordinating economic development, eco-environmental protection and the promotion of sustainable development in Western areas.The existing system of the paid use and compensation of natural resources in western areas can be roughly grouped into the following problems: (1) the system of the paid use and compensation of natural resources hasn't been perfect; (2)providers and receivers of the paid use and compensation have been clearly identified; (3)property empty; (4)the management is unsound; (5)the resource tax and compensation standards is so low that it can't play the role of protecting or rehabilitating the eco-environment; (6)there exists the gambling of the liability and the stake holder's between the central government and local government.Based on the value of natural resources, allocation of natural resources, externality theory and sustainable theory, this article studied the character of the value of natural resources, including its use and non-use value, and set up a model on the value, which are the basis for the property research. Based on the value of natural resources, it is containing its value and the value with the human's labor. Based on the allocation of resources, there are three methods of allocation, such as planning allocation, exchanging allocation and free allocation. Based on externality theory, the owner will reclaim the ecological environment through internalizing the economic benefit externalities via economic means. Based on the sustainable development, the paid use and compensation mechanism should help to promote the inter-generational equity and the natural sustainable development.To improve the efficiency of natural resources utilization and promote western china's economic and environmental sustainability, establishment of the paid use and compensation mechanisms will become an efficient approach to facilitate better protection of the ecological environment.With the reference of foreign experience and the practical situation of Western China, there is a high need to establish the paid use and compensation mechanism to solve those problems for readjustment of benefit and economic benefit of the stakeholders, improve of eco-environmental protection. As for a valid economic benefit mechanism, which reflect truly the value of the natural resource, it can strain and adjust economic behaviors of owner, producer and consumer, to lessen and avoid resource abuse and environmental degradation, to optimize the economic activities and resources.The paid use and compensation mechanism is to levy taxes and fees for producer and compensate for nature reserves through the eco-environmental pollution. The fundamental principles required for establishing the mechanism of the paid use and compensation should be on the basis of the principles of whoever develops protects, whoever damages treats, and whoever benefits treats, to create incentives for efficient and equitable resource exploitation and promote man-nature.The main contents covered in the paid use and compensation are: (1)to makes sure of the clear undertaker, responsibilities and the ambit of liability; (2) the criteria of compensation may be assessed based on the value of the natural resources; (3) the approaches for the mechanism are fund and management; (4) the methods of the paid use compensation include compensation in kind and policy compensation,etc; (5) the means of the mechanism includes technology, project and so on.Policy framework of Western China establishment of the paid use and compensation mechanism should include the following five parts: (1) royalty system; (2) resources taxes; (3) remising fee of high grade natural resources; (4) natural resources under license. As far as policy instruments are concerned, government regulation system will be strengthened, such as both management by objectives and a mixed, diverse and confined property rights structure are constructed. At the same time, the supporting policies such as fiscal policy, monetary, law, financial, and property system concerning resource conservation, augmentation and further exploitation will be emphasized and evaluation methods of resource titles will also be set up, which are the guarantee to economic, ecological and social sustainable development in western areas, While the mechanism is needed to evaluate the performance of natural resources of the paid use and compensation mechanism.To sustainable development in western areas, a planning resources sector should be specifically set up and defines the scope of a reasonable policy, relative responsibility mechanism and implement the mechanism to well-off Western China.